Accounting glossary - dictionary_1

Từ điển song ngữ kế toán cung cấp các thuật ngữ kế toán, các điều khoản khác nhau được sử dụng . Từ điển kế toán cung cấp cho học viên và sinh viên kế toán có hướng dẫn dễ dàng, chính xác
Nội dung trích xuất từ tài liệu:
Accounting glossary - dictionary_1http://www.ventureline.com/glossary.aspA&E can mean either Appropriation & Expense or Analysis & Evaluation.A&G is Adminstrative & General.A&M is Additions and Maintenance.A&P is an acronym for Administrative and Personnel.ABA (Accredited Business Accountant or Accredited Business Advisor), in theUS, is a national credential conferred by Accreditation Council for Accountancyand Taxation to professionals who specialize in supporting the financial needs ofindividuals and small to medium sized businesses. ABA is the only nationallyrecognized alternative to the CPA. Most accredited individuals do not performaudits. Generally, they are small business owners themselves. In addition togeneral accounting work, CPAs are also heavily schooled in performing audits;however, only a small fraction of Americas businesses require an audit. Ingeneral, a CPA has majored in accounting, passed the CPA examination and islicensed to perform audits. An ABA has majored in accounting, passed the ABAcomprehensive examination and in most states is not licensed to perform audits.ABATEMENT, in general, is the reduction or lessening. In law, it is thetermination or suspension of a lawsuit. For example, an abatement of taxes is atax decrease or rebate.ABC see ACTIVITY BASED COSTING.ABM see ACTIVITY BASED MANAGEMENT.ABOVE THE LINE, in accounting, denotes revenue and expense items thatenter fully and directly into the calculation of periodic net income, in contrast tobelow the line items that affect capital accounts directly and net income onlyindirectly.ABOVE THE LINE, for the individual, is a term derived from a solid bold line onForm 1040 and 1040A above the line for adjusted gross income. Items above theline prior to coming to adjusted gross income, for example, can include: IRAcontributions, half of the self-employment tax, self-employed health insurancededuction, Keogh retirement plan and self-employed SEP deduction, penalty onearly withdrawal of savings, and alimony paid. A taxpayer can take deductionsabove the line and still claim the standard deduction.ABSORB is to assimilate, transfer or incorporate amounts in an account or agroup of accounts in a manner in which the first entity loses its identity and isabsorbed within the second entity. For example, see ABSORPTION COSTING.ABSORPTION see ABSORB. 1http://www.ventureline.com/glossary.aspABSORPTION COSTING is the method under which all manufacturing costs,both variable and fixed, are treated as product costs with non-manufacturingcosts, e.g. selling and administrative expenses, being treated as period costs.ABSORPTION VARIANCE is the variance from budgeted absorption costing ofmanufactured product. See also ABSORPTION COSTING.ACAT (Accreditation Council for Accountancy and Taxation) is a nationalorganization established in 1973 as a non-profit independent testing, accreditingand monitoring organization. The Council seeks to identify professionals inindependent practice who specialize in providing financial, accounting andtaxation services to individuals and small to mid-size businesses. Professionalsreceive accreditation through examination and/or coursework and maintainaccreditation through commitment to a significant program of continuingprofessional education and adherence to the Councils Code of Ethics and Rulesof Professional Conduct.ACB normally refers to adjusted cost base.ACCELERATED DEPRECIATION is a method of calculating depreciation withlarger amounts in the first year(s).ACCEPTANCE is a drawees promise to pay either a TIME DRAFT or SIGHTDRAFT. Normally, the acceptor signs his/her name after writing accepted (orsome other words indicating acceptance) on the bill along with the date. Thatacceptance effectively makes the bill a promissory note, i.e. the acceptor is themaker and the drawer is the endorser.ACCOMODATION ENDORSEMENT is a) the guarantee given by one legalentity to induce a lender to grant a loan to another legal entity. b) a bankingpractice where one bank endorses the acceptances of another bank, for a fee,qualifying them for purchase in the acceptance market.ACCOUNT is the detailed record of a particular asset, liability, owners equity,revenue or expense.ACCOUNT AGING usually refers to the methods of tracking past due accountsin accounts receivable based on the dates the charges were incurred. Accountaging can also be used in accounts payable, to a lesser degree, to monitorpayment history to suppliers.ACCOUNT ANALYSIS is a way to measure cost behavior. It selects a volume-related cost driver and classifies each account from the accounting records as afixed or variable cost. The cost accountant then looks at each cost accountbalance and estimates either the variable cost per unit of cost driver activi ...