Bài giảng Công nghệ chuyển hóa than: Phần 8 (1) - Văn Đình Sơn Thọ

Công nghệ hoá khí than là công nghệ sản xuất khí đốt, khi oxy hoá khối hữu cơ trong than không hoàn toàn. Trong chương này chúng ta sẽ cùng tìm hiểu chi tiết về công nghệ khí hóa than, mời các bạn cùng tham khảo.
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Bài giảng Công nghệ chuyển hóa than: Phần 8 (1) - Văn Đình Sơn Thọ CÔNG NGHỆ KHÍ HÓA THANPGS.TS. Văn Đình Sơn ThọBộ môn Công nghệ hữu cơ – hóa dầuKhoa Công nghệ Hóa họcĐại học Bách Khoa Hà NộiEmail : thovds-petrochem@mail.hut.edu.vnthovds@yahoo.comTel : 097.360.4372 Key Technology : Gasification Gasifier Gas Gasification with Oxygen Composition C + 1/2 O2 CO (Vol %) Combustion with Oxygen H2 25 - 30 Feedstock C + O2 CO2 CO 30 - 60 CO2 5 - 15C, H, O, N, S, Cl, Ash Gasification with Carbon Dioxide H2O 2 - 30 C + CO2 2CO CH4 0-5 Gasification with Steam H2S 0.2 - 1 Oxygen C + H2O CO + H2 COS 0 - 0.1 N2 0.5 - 4 Gasification with Hydrogen Ar 0.2 - 1 C + 2H2 CH4 NH3 + HCN 0 -0.3 Water-Gas Shift Ash/Slag/PM Steam CO + H2O H2 + CO2 Heating value Methanation 250 Btu/scf CO + 3H2 CH4 + H2O (1/4 of natural gas) What is Gasification Combustion Gasification1. Oxidant : Air Carbon 1. Oxidant : O2 ·Excess O2 Ash ·Excess fuel Sulfur2. Product : CO2, H2O 2. Product : CO, H2 Nitrogen Ash Hydrogen Slag3 Pollutant : SOx, NOx Water 3 Pollutant : H2S, NH34. Application 4. Application·Power plant (Steam turbine) · Power plant (Combined cycle) · Chemical production : Methanol, Dimethyl Ether · Fuel production : Liquid Fuel : Substitute Natural Gas : Hydrogen Combustion & Gasification Products Complete combustion condition CH4 H2S Gasification Zone SO2 Combustion Zone 100% 90% O2 H2O 80% H2Mole fraction (%) 70% 60% 50% C 40% CO2 30% CO 20% 10% 0% 0.1 0.7 1.3 1.9 2.5 3.1 O2/Coal (Moisture ash free basis) The Case of Coal Low cost Abundant (domestic) resources Energy security Clean coal is not an oxymoron High and volatile crude oil, natural gas prices How has Gasification been Used? A New but old technology Making “town gas” from coal  First practical use of town gas in modern times was for street lighting in America and Europe  The first public street lighting with gas took place in Pall Mall, London on January 28, 1807  Baltimore, Maryland began the first commercial gas lighting of residences, streets, and businesses in 1816 Manufactured gas plants – prior to discovery and use of natural gas How has Gasification been Used? Used during World War II to convert coal into transportation fuels (Fischer – Tropsch)Used extensively in the last 50+ years to convert coal and heavy oil into hydrogen – for the production of ammonia/urea fertilizerChemical industry (1960’s)Refinery industry (1980’s)Global power industry (Today) Syngas Compositions H2 ...