Bài giảng Dinh dưỡng cho các lớp Sau đại học 2014 - Bài 2: Đánh giá dinh dưỡng

Bài giảng cung cấp cho người học các kiến thức: Đánh giá dinh dưỡng, phương pháp dinh dưỡng, chăm sóc sức khỏe, chỉ số đo lường,... Hi vọng đây sẽ là một tài liệu hữu ích dành cho các bạn sinh viên đang theo học môn dùng làm tài liệu học tập và nghiên cứu. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo chi tiết nội dung tài liệu.
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Bài giảng Dinh dưỡng cho các lớp Sau đại học 2014 - Bài 2: Đánh giá dinh dưỡng ASSESSMENTOF NUTRITIONALSTATUSAbdelazizElamin,MD,PhD,FRCPCHCollegeofMedicineSultanQaboosUniversity,Oman LEARNINGOBJECTIVESBytheendofthislecturethereadershouldbeableto:ToknowthedifferentmethodsforassessingthenutritionalstatusTounderstandthebasicanthropometrictechniques,applications,&referencestandards INTRODUCTIONThenutritionalstatusofanindividualisoftentheresultofmanyinterrelatedfactors.Itisinfluencedbyfoodintake,quantity&quality,&physicalhealth.Thespectrumofnutritionalstatusspreadfromobesitytoseveremalnutrition ?NutritionalAssessmentWhy Thepurposeofnutritionalassessmentisto: Identifyindividualsorpopulationgroupsatriskofbecomingmalnourished IdentifyindividualsorpopulationgroupswhoaremalnourishedNutritionalAssessmentWhy?2TodevelophealthcareprogramsthatmeetthecommunityneedswhicharedefinedbytheassessmentTomeasuretheeffectivenessofthenutritionalprograms&interventiononceinitiatedMethodsofNutritionalAssessmentNutritionisassessedbytwotypesofmethods;directandindirect.Thedirectmethodsdealwiththeindividualandmeasureobjectivecriteria,whileindirectmethodsusecommunityhealthindicesthatreflectsnutritionalinfluences. DirectMethodsofNutritional AssessmentThesearesummarizedasABCDAnthropometricmethodsBiochemical,laboratorymethodsClinicalmethodsDietaryevaluationmethods IndirectMethodsofNutritional AssessmentTheseincludethreecategories: Ecologicalvariablesincludingcrop production Economicfactorse.g.percapita income,populationdensity&social habits Vitalhealthstatisticsparticularlyinfant &under5mortality&fertilityindex CLINICALASSESSMENTItisanessentialfeaturesofallnutritionalsurveysItisthesimplest&mostpracticalmethodofascertainingthenutritionalstatusofagroupofindividualsItutilizesanumberofphysicalsigns,(specific&nonspecific),thatareknowntobeassociatedwithmalnutritionanddeficiencyofvitaminsµnutrients. CLINICALASSESSMENT/2GoodnutritionalhistoryshouldbeobtainedGeneralclinicalexamination,withspecialattentiontoorganslikehair,anglesofthemouth,gums,nails,skin,eyes,tongue,muscles,bones,&thyroidgland.Detectionofrelevantsignshelpsinestablishingthenutritionaldiagnosis CLINICALASSESSMENT/3ADVANTAGES Fast&Easytoperform Inexpensive NoninvasiveLIMITATIONS DidnotdetectearlycasesClinicalsignsofnutritionaldeficiencyHAIRSpare&thin Protein,zinc,biotin deficiencyEasytopullout ProteindeficiencyCorkscrew VitC&VitACoiledhair deficiencyClinicalsignsofnutritionaldeficiencyMOUTHGlossitis Riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, B12 , pr.Bleeding & spongy gums Vit. C,A, K, folic acid & niacinAngular stomatitis, B 2,6,& niacincheilosis & fissuredtongueleukoplakia Vit.A,B12, B-complex, folic acid & niacinSore mouth & tongue Vit B12,6,c, niacin ,folic acid & ironClinicalsignsofnutritionaldeficiencyEYESNightblindness, VitaminAdeficiencyexophthalmiaPhotophobiablurring, VitB2&vitAconjunctival deficienciesinflammationClinicalsignsofnutritionaldeficiencyNAILSSpooning IrondeficiencyTransverselines ProteindeficiencyClinicalsignsofnutritionaldeficiencySKINPallor Folicacid,iron,B12Follicular VitaminB&VitaminChyperkeratosisFlakingdermatitis PEM,VitB2,VitaminA, Zinc&NiacinPigmentation, Niacin&PEMdesquamationBruising,purpura VitK,VitC&folicacidClinicalsignsofnutritionaldeficiencyThyroid gland inmountainous areasandfarfrom seaplacesGoiteris areliablesignof iodinedeficiency. ClinicalsignsofnutritionaldeficiencyJoins&bones Helpdetectsignsof vitaminDdeficiency (Rickets)&vitaminC deficiency(Scurvy) AnthropometricMethodsAnthropometryisthemeasurementofbodyheight,weight&proportions.Itisanessentialcomponentofclinicalexaminationofinfants,children&pregnantwomen.Itisusedtoevaluatebothunder&overnutrition.Themeasuredvaluesreflectsthecurrentnutritionalstatus&don’tdifferentiatebetweenacute&chronicchanges.OtheranthropometricMeasurementsMid-arm circumferenceSkin fold thicknessHead circumferenceHead/chest ratioHip/waist ratio ...