Bài giảng Kỹ thuật phản ứng sinh học: Chương 4 - Bùi Hồng Quân

Bài giảng Kỹ thuật phản ứng sinh học: Chương 4 Thiết kế bể phản ứng theo mẻ, bể phản ứng theo mẻ có bổ sung cơ chất, bể phản ứng liên tục, cung cấp cho người học những kiến thức như: Các dạng thiết bị phản ứng sinh học; Các thông số trong các thiết bị phản ứng; Quy trình thiết kế bể phản ứng sinh học; Đánh giá hệ thống bể phản ứng sinh học. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo!
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Bài giảng Kỹ thuật phản ứng sinh học: Chương 4 - Bùi Hồng Quân http://buihongquan.comChương 4. Thiết kế bể phản ứng theo mẻ, bể phản ứngtheo mẻ có bổ sung cơ chất, bể phản ứng liên tục  4.1. Khá i niệ m cơ bả n  4.2. Cá c dạ ng thiế t bị phả n ứng sinh họ c  4.3. Cá c thong só trong cá c thiế t bị phả n ứng  4.4. Quy trình thiế t kế bể phả n ứng sinh họ c  4.5. Đá nh giá hệ thó ng bể phả n ứng sinh họ c12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 169http://buihongquan.com http://buihongquan.comBioreactor Design Bioreactors have requirements that add complexity compared to simpler chemical reactors  Usually three-phase (cells, water, air)  Need sterile operation  Often need heat removal at ambient conditions But biological reaction systems have many advantages  Some products can only be made by biological routes  Large molecules such as proteins can be made  Selectivity for desired product can be very high  Products are often very valuable (e.g. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: APIs)  Selective conversion of biomass to chemicals  Well established for food and beverage processes12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 171 http://buihongquan.comBioreactor Design  Enzyme catalysis  Cell growth and metabolism  Cleaning and sterilization  Stirred tank fermenter design  Other bioreactors12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 172 http://buihongquan.comEnzyme catalysis Enzymes are biocatalysts and can sometimes be isolated from host cells  Low cost enzymes are used once through: amylase, ligninase  High cost enzymes are immobilized for re-use Enzymes are usually proteins  Most are thermally unstable and lose structure above ~60ºC  Usually active only in water, often over restricted range of pH, ionic strength Enzyme kinetics: Michaelis-Menten equation: C R = reaction rate R C = substrate concentration  C α, β = constants12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 173 http://buihongquan.comEnzyme Catalysis: Immobilization  Enzymes can sometimes be adsorbed onto a solid or encapsulated in a gel without losing structure. They can then be used in a conventional fixed-bed reactor  If the enzyme is larger thanFeed the product molecule, it can be contained in the reactor using ultrafiltration or Reactor Filter nanofiltration M Product12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 174 http://buihongquan.comBioreactor Design  Enzyme catalysis  Cell growth and metabolism  Cleaning and sterilization  Stirred tank fermenter design  Other bioreactors12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 175 http://buihongquan.com Cell Growth Cell growth rate can be limited by many factors  Availability of primary substrate  Typically glucose, fructose, sucrose or other carbohydrate  Availability of other metabolites  Vitamins, minerals, hormones, enzyme cofactors  Availability of oxygen  Hence mass transfer properties of reaction system  Inhibition or poisoning by products or byproducts  E.g. butanol fermentation typically limited to a few % due to toxicity  High temperature caused by inadequate heat removal  Hence heat transfer properties of reaction system All of these factors are exacerbated at higher cell concentrations12/23/2018 Bioreaction engineering. 176 http://buihongquan.comCell Growth and Product Formation in Batch ...