Bài giảng Quản trị công: Chapter 2 - PGS.TS. Sử Đình Thành

Bài giảng Quản trị công - Chapter 2 presents the changing context of public policy. Learning objectives of this chapter include: to be aware of recent changes in the context of public policy, to understand the major paradigm shifts in the public policy making in recent decades, to understand the changing role of politics in the public policy.
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Bài giảng Quản trị công: Chapter 2 - PGS.TS. Sử Đình Thành CHAPTER 2THE CHANGING CONTEXT OF PUBLIC POLICY SU DINH THANHLEARNING OBJECTIVES RECENT CHANGES IN THE CONTEXT OF PUBLIC POLICY„ Financial crises put pressure on public organizations to become more efficient. In particular, the fiscal crises in most OECD countries in the 1980s and 1990s was a key trigger for public sector reforms. „ What about Vietnam? RECENT CHANGES IN THE CONTEXT OF PUBLIC POLICY„ From the early earl 1990s, 1990s other pressures press res on governments go ernments became more important, consisting of a mixture of e ternal and internal factors. external factors „ External factors: Political; Economic/financial; Social; T h l i l Environmental; Technological; E i t l Legal/legislative. L l/l i l ti „ Internal factors: Socializing public services; changing th way off providing the idi public bli services: i contracting t ti outt … EXTERNAL FACTORSPoliticalP liti lƒ New political and social movements in many countries – and internationally – which contest the neo-liberal world view, especially in relation to world trade, the global environment and attitudes to civil liberties. ƒ Changing expectations by globalization about the quality of services which governments should be able to deliver, given what is currently available in other countries.ƒ Changing expectations about the extent to which public services should be meet to the needs of individual citizens/ stakeholders. ƒ Increased insistence by key stakeholders that new levels of public accountability are necessary with associated transparency of decision making and openness of information systems. systems ƒ Changing expectations that there will be widespread and intensive engagement with all relevant stakeholders during the policy making and policy implementation processes… processes EXTERNAL FACTORSEconomic/financialƒ Economic boom of the 1990s in most OECD countries and many other parts of the world, world generally producing rising tax revenues for governments.ƒ Increasingg ((or continuing) g) resistance/oposition p byy citizens to paying higher rates of tax to fund public services.ƒ Investment environment should be improved (loosing/decreasing in tax….)ƒ …. EXTERNAL FACTORSSocialS i l„ Changing expectations about the core values in society – just as the 1980s saw traditional values such as public duty and individual responsibility being replaced by values of individual self - realization and rights, so in the 1990s there was a slow return to the h understanding d di that h ‘social ‘ i l capital’ i l’ is i vital i l to a successful public sector.„ The ageing society, society which means that much higher proportions of the population are in need of health and social care. „ Changing g g pperceptions p about the minimum qqualityy of life for certain vulnerable groups which is acceptable in a well- ordered society – especially in relation to child poverty, minimum wages for the low paid,paid and the quality of life of elderly people. EXTERNAL FACTORSTechnological„ Technological changes, which have meant that public policies can now take t k advantage d t off major j innovations i ti i ways off delivering in d li i services and also that the policy - making process itself can be much more interactive than before. before„ The information society, in which a much higher proportion of the ppopulation p can make use of new technologies. g„ Changing beliefs about the efficacy of ‘hi - tech’ solutions (e.g. renewed interest in ‘alternative healthcare’ and in ‘alternative technologies’). EXTERNAL FACTORSEnvironmentalE i l„ Increasing concerns with global warming.„ Willingness to take some serious steps to reduce the level of usage of non - renewable energy sources and to recycle l other h materialsi l„ Increasing pressure for governments to demonstrate the environmental i l impact i off all ll new legislation, l il i policies li i andd major projects. EXTERNAL FACTORSLegal/legislativeL l/l i l i„ Increasing influence of supra - national b di / bodies/organisations i i ( (e.g. UN World UN, W ld Bank, B k IMF, IMF WTO, WTO EU) in driving legislative or policy change at national level. level ...