Câu hỏi đánh giá môn Kinh tế vĩ mô bằng tiếng Anh- Chương 3

Tham khảo tài liệu câu hỏi đánh giá môn kinh tế vĩ mô bằng tiếng anh- chương 3, kinh tế - quản lý, kinh tế học phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
Nội dung trích xuất từ tài liệu:
Câu hỏi đánh giá môn Kinh tế vĩ mô bằng tiếng Anh- Chương 3 Chapter 3: Consumer Behavior PART II PRODUCERS, CONSUMERS, AND COMPETITIVE MARKETS CHAPTER 3 CONSUMER BEHAVIOR QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW1. What are the four basic assumptions about individual preferences? Explain thesignificance or meaning of each. 23 Chapter 3: Consumer Behavior (1) Preferences are complete: this means that the consumer is able to compare and rank all possible baskets; (2) Preferences are transitive: this means that preferences are consistent, in that if bundle A is preferred to bundle B and bundle B is preferred to bundle C, then we should be able to conclude that bundle A is preferred to bundle C; (3) More is preferred to less: this means that all goods are desirable, and that the consumer will always prefer to have more of a good; (4) Diminishing marginal rate of substitution: this means that indifference curves are convex, and that the slope of the indifference curve increases (becomes less negative) as we move down along the curve. As a consumer moves down along her indifference curve she is willing to give up fewer units of the good on the vertical axis in exchange for one more unit of the good on the horizontal axis. This assumption also means that balanced market baskets are preferred to baskets that have a lot of one good and very little of the other good.2. Can a set of indifference curves be upward sloping? If so, what would this tell youabout the two goods? A set of indifference curves can be upward sloping if we violate assumption number three; more is preferred to less. When a set of indifference curves is upward sloping, it means one of the goods is a “bad” in that the consumer prefers less of the good rather than more of the good. The positive slope means that the consumer will accept more of the bad good only if she also receives more of the other good in return. As we move up along the indifference curve the consumer has more of the good she likes, and also more of the good she does not like.3. Explain why two indifference curves cannot intersect. 24 Chapter 3: Consumer Behavior The explanation is most easily achieved with the aid of a graph such as Figure 3.3, which shows two indifference curves intersecting at point A. We know from the definition of an indifference curve that a consumer has the same level of utility along any given curve. In this case, the consumer is indifferent between bundles A and B because they both lie on indifference curve U1. Similarly, the consumer is indifferent between bundles A and C because they both lie on indifference curve U2. By the transitivity of preferences this consumer should also be indifferent between C and B. However, we see from the graph that C lies above B, so C must be preferred to B. Thus, the fact that indifference curves cannot intersect is proven. Good Y A C U2 B U1 Good X Figure 3.34. Jon is always willing to trade one can of coke for one can of sprite, or one can of spritefor one can of coke.a. What can you say about Jon’s marginal rate of substitution? 25 Chapter 3: Consumer Behavior Jon’s marginal rate of substitution can be defined as the number of cans of coke he would be willing to give up in exchange for a can of sprite. Since he is always willing to trade one for one, his MRS is equal to 1.b. Draw a set of indifference curves for Jon. Since Jon is always willing to trade one can of coke for one can of sprite, his indifference curves are linear with a slope of –1.c. Draw two budget lines with different slopes and illustrate the satisfaction- maximizing choice. What conclusion can you draw? Jon’s indifference curves are linear with a slope of –1. Jon’s budget line is also linear, and will have a s ...