Chapter 1: Computer Abstraction and Technology

The Computer Revolution:Progress in computer technology:Underpinned by Moore’s Law.Makes novel applications feasible:Computers in automobiles,Cell phones,Human genome project,World Wide Web,Search Engines.Computers are pervasive.
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Chapter 1: Computer Abstraction and Technologydce 2009 KIẾN TRÚC MÁY TÍNH CS2009 Khoa Khoa học và Kỹ thuật Máy tính BK BM Kỹ thuật Máy tính TP.HCM Võ Tấn Phương http://www.cse.hcmut.edu.vn/~vtphuongdce 2009 Course Syllabus • The Content – Chapter1 (week1-2): Introduction to Computer Abstraction and Technology – Chapter2 (week3-5): Instructions – Language of the Computer – Chapter3 (week6-7): Arithmetic for Computers – Chapter4 (week10-12): The Processor – Chapter5 (week13-14): Storage and Other IO topics – Chapter6 (week15-16): Memory Systems • References – David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy, Computer Organization & Design – The Hardware/Software Interface, 4th Edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2008 – William Stallings, Computer Organization and Architecture – Designing for Performance, 7th Edition, Pearson International Edition, 2006. • Homepage: http://www.cse.hcmut.edu.vn/~anhvu/teaching/2009/504002CS/ • Grading Policy: – Homework: 20% – Midterm examination: 30% – Final examination: 50% 9/14/2009 ©2009, CE Department 2dce 2009 Course Overview • Principle and organization of digital computers, • Bus organization and memory design, • Principle of computer’s instruction set and programming in assembly language (some popular processors are used such as MIPS, Intel x86, ARM, …), • Interface between the processor and peripherals, • Performance issues in computer architecture. 9/14/2009 ©2009, CE Department 3dce 2009 Why study Computer Architecture • To be a professional in any field of computing today, you should not regard the computer as just a back box that executes program by magic. • You should understand a computer system’s functional components, their characteristics, their performance, and their interactions. • You need to understand computer architecture in order to build a program so that it runs efficiently on a machine. • When selecting a system to use, you should be able to understand the tradeoff among various components, such as CPU clock speed vs. memory size. 9/14/2009 ©2009, CE Department 4dce 2009 Chapter 1 Computer Abstraction and Technology Adapted from Computer Organization and Design, 4th Edition, Patterson & Hennessy, © 2008 9/14/2009 ©2009, CE Department 5dce 2009 The Computer Revolution • Progress in computer technology – Underpinned by Moore’s Law • Makes novel applications feasible – Computers in automobiles – Cell phones – Human genome project – World Wide Web – Search Engines • Computers are pervasive 9/14/2009 ©2009, CE Department Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 6dce 2009 Classes of Computers • Desktop computers – General purpose, variety of software – Subject to cost/performance tradeoff • Server computers – Network based – High capacity, performance, reliability – Range from small servers to building sized • Embedded computers – Hidden as components of systems – Stringent power/performance/cost constraints 9/14/2009 ©2009, CE Department Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 7dce 2009 The Processor Market 9/14/2009 ©2009, CE Department Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 8dce 2009 What You Will Learn • How programs are translated into the machine language – And how the hardware executes them • The hardware/software interface • What determines program performance – And how it can be improved • How hardware designers improve performance • What is parallel processing 9/14/2009 ©2009, CE Department Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 9dce 2009 Understanding Performance • Algorithm – Determines number of operations executed • Programming language, compiler, architecture – Determine number of machine instructions executed per operation • Processor and memory system – Determine how fast instructions are executed • I/O system (including OS) – Determines how fast I/O operations are executed 9/14/2009 ©2009, CE Department Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 10dce 2009 Below Your Program • Application software – Written in high-level language • System software – Compiler: translates HLL code to machine code – Operating System: service code • Handling input/output • Managing memory and storage • Scheduling tasks & sharing resources • Hardware ...