Dendrimers and Other Dendritic Polymers

With contributions from many of the world's leading scientists in the field of dendritic research and development, Dendrimers and Other Dendritic Polymers provides a comprehensive review of this rapidly expanding and exciting new field of polymer science. Of interest to academia and industry alike, this book covers the synthesis, characterization, unique properties, potential for novel applications and technical challenges associated with these polymers. * Detailed coverage of all known subclasses of dendritic polymers, including their properties and synthesis * Insight into the potential commercial applications of dendritic polymers, including drug delivery, cancer therapy, coatings and adhesives * Identification of the key trends and...
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Dendrimers and Other Dendritic Polymers Dendrimers and Other Dendritic Polymers Wiley Series in Polymer Science Series Editor: Dr John Scheirs ExcelPlas PO Box 2080 Edithvale VIC 3196 AUSTRALIA scheirs.john@pacific.net.au Modern Fluoropolymers High Performance Polymers for Diverse Applications Polymer Recycling Science, Technology and Applications Metallocene-Based Polyolifins Preparation, Properties and Technology Polymer–Clay Nanocomposites Forthcoming titles: Modern Styrenic Polymers Modern Polyesters Dendrimers and Other Dendritic Polymers Edited by ´ JE AN M . J. FRE CHE T University of California, Department of Chemistry and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA and DO N AL D A. T O M ALI A Dendritic Sciences, Inc., / Dendritic Nanotechnologies Limited, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA WILEY SERIES IN POLYMER SCIENCE John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Copyright © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 1UD, UK National 01243 779777 International (;44) 1243 779777 e-mail (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books @wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on: http://www.wiley.co.uk or http://www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the publisher. Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, USA WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, Pappelallee 3, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd., 33 Park Road, Milton Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop 02-01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore 129809 John Wiley & Sons (Canada) Ltd, 22 Worcester Road, Rexdale, Ontario M9W 1L1, Canada Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dendrimers and other dendritic polymers / edited by Jean M. J. Frechet and Donald A. Tomalia. ´ p. cm. — (Wiley series in polymer science) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-471-63850-1 (alk. paper) 1. Dendrimers. I. Frechet, Jean M. J. II. Tomalia, Donald A. III. Series. ´ TP1180.D45 D46 2001 668.9—dc21 2001045497 British Library Cataloguing in Publication data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Cover art by Dr Stefan Hecht, University of California, Berkeley. ISBN 0-471-63850-1 Typeset in 10/12pt Times from the author’s disks by Vision Typesetting, Manchester Printed and bound in Great Britain by Biddles Ltd, Guildford and King’s Lynn This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry, in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production. Contents Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix Series Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv A Brief Historical Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii D. A. Tomalia and J. M. J. Frechet ´ I INTRODUCTION AND PROGRESS IN THE CONTROL OF MACROMOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE 1 Introduction to the Dendritic State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 D. A. Tomalia and J. M. J. Frechet ´ 1 Natural and Synthetic Evolution of Molecular Complexity . .3 1.1 Traditional Organic Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 1.2 Traditional Polymer Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 2 The Dendritic State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 2.1 Dendritic Branching Concepts — Historical Overview . . 10 2.2 A Comparison of Traditional Organic Chemistry and Polymer Science with Dendritic Macromolecular Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.3 Dendritic Polymers — A Fourth Major New Architectural Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.4 Random Hyperbranched Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.5 Dendrigraft (Arborescent) Polymers . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.6 Dendrons and Dendrimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.6.1 Synthesis — Divergent and Convergent Methods . 20 2.6.2 Dendrimer Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.6.3 Dendrimer Shape Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.6.4 De Gennes Dense Packing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3 New Properties Driven by the Dendritic State . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.1 Comparison of Traditional and Dendritic Polymer Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 vi CONTENTS 3.2 Overview of Unique Dendrimer Properties — Monodispersity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3.3 Unimolecular Container/Scaffolding Prop ...