Ebook Smart building systems for architects, owners and builders: Part 2

Part 2 book "Smart building systems for architects, owners and builders" includes content: Fire alarm and mass notification systems; voice networks and distributed antenna systems; data networks; facility management systems; design, construction, and renovations; the economics of smart buildings; audio visual systems; network integration, energy and sustainability; case studies.
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Ebook Smart building systems for architects, owners and builders: Part 2Fire Alarmand Mass Chapter 9NotificationSystems OverviewFire alarm systems are the primary life safety system for every building. Prop-erly deployed, a fire alarm system reduces the probability of injury or loss oflife and limits damage due to fire, smoke, heat and other factors. Because oftheir criticality, the codes, regulations and standards affecting the design andinstallation of fire alarm systems are wide ranging and detailed. Their designand installation must involve qualified, licensed, experienced professionalsand more important, the coordination and approval of the local authority hav-ing jurisdiction (AHJ).© 2010 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.Doi:10.1016/B978-1-85617-653-8.00009-0 www.EngineeringEBooksPdf.com 104 Smart Building Systems for Architects, Owners, and Builders The two main organization addressing codes and standards for fire alarmsystems are the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and Underwri-ters Laboratories (UL). NFPA 70, 72, and 101 address the National ElectricalCode, National Fire Alarm Code, and Life Safety Code, respectively. The National Fire Alarm Code addresses system design, location of devices,testing procedures, performance requirements, and maintenance procedures.The National Electrical Code covers the equipment and wiring of fire alarmsystems. The Life Safety Code covers more than buildings per se as it identifiesconstruction, protection, and occupancy features necessary for life safety. Underwriters Laboratories is an independent product safety certificationorganization that tests products and writes safety standards for fire alarm sys-tem components such as control panels, smoke detecting heads, horns, andpull stations. Even given their life safety nature fire alarm systems are starting to utilizeIP-based functionality and should be integrated with other systems within asmart building. The integration to other systems plays a critical role in mini-mizing the effects of the fire. A fire alarm system will initiate communicationsto other building automation and security systems to facilitate evacuationfrom the building and containment of the fire. Such systems include the following: n Signaling the HVAC system to restrict and contain smoke, heat and fire through dampers and fans n Using the access control system to clear a path for building evacuation by opening doors, unlocking secured doors, and releasing powered exterior doors n Using the access control system to contain and prevent the spread of fire and smoke by closing interior doors n Triggering emergency power for the fire alarm system and related sys- tems operation, exit signs, and lighting for building exit routes n “Capturing” the elevator and shutting down its operation The fire alarm system must communicate with and control its system com-ponents and it must also communicate with offsite facilities and organizationssuch as the fire department and emergency services. The networking of the firealarm system components, like other systems, is accomplished with a cableinfrastructure and communication protocols. The reliability of a fire alarm system is partially dependent on the systemcabling. Both the National Electrical Code and NFPA have specific guidelines www.EngineeringEBooksPdf.com Fire Alarm and Mass Notification Systems 105to ensure proper system operation. Most alarm system devices must be cabledso that there is a redundant wiring path from the control panel to ensure thatthe device will function in the event that the cabling is damaged. Survivabilityis critical. Cabling between control panels may be standard structured cable, such astwisted pair or fiber optic, allowing the parts of the fire alarm system to usethe same structured cable infrastructure that is used by other smart buildingsystems. The communications protocols used by major fire alarm systems manu-facturers typically conform to a BAS protocol such as BACnet or LonTalkwhile some have introduced use of the IP protocol between major components(Fig. 9.1). Annunciator Zone Zone Zone 1 2 3 Manual Fire Alarm Horns FIRE FIRE FIRE Water Flow Bells Switches HD HD HD Heat Detectors Chimes Flashing SD ...