Essential Vocabulary literary_6

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Essential Vocabulary literary_6 P – Q: SAT Words 191 preservation (PREZ ir VAY shin) n. 1. protected from harm; 2. kept from spoil-ing or rotting; 3. maintaining by regulating • Acid-free sleeves help with the preservation of photographs. • Food preservation began with vacuum packaging in the nineteenth century. • The preservation of wildlife is just one assignment of the U.S. Forest Service. presumptuous (pri ZUMP shoo uhs) adj. overconfident or arrogant; taking toomuch for granted • How presumptuous was the guest at the cocktail party to take a plastic bag from her purse and start filling it with jumbo cocktail shrimp? • It was rather presumptuous of the wedding guest to take a seat at the head table. [-ly adv., -ness n.] pretense (PREE tens) n. 1. an unsupported claim of having accomplished some-thing; 2. a false claim; 3. a pretending, as in make-believe • It was quite by accident that a former vice president made a pretense to having invented the Internet. • A major pretense of a certain U.S. president is that he can pronounce the word “nuclear.” • Children often learn proper behavior through pretense to be adult role models. pretentious (pree TEN shis) adj. 1. claiming some importance or distinction;2. ostentatious; showing off; self-important • George of the Jungle was a rather pretentious character, considering that Ape was the brains of the outfit. • The triple loop performed by the roller boarder was a very pretentious dis- play of his/her skills. previous (PREE vee uhs) adj. before the present; prior; at an earlier time; preceding • The previous administration enjoyed more popularity than the current one. • Mary was convinced that she had been a sheep in a previous incarnation. primarily (pry MER i lee) adv. at first; originally; principally; mainly • Primarily, vacations seemed more important than school to Ian, but that came to change. • Alice went to space camp primarily to learn more about the solar system. primary (PRY mer ee) adj. 1. first in order or first to have been developed; 2.primitive; fundamental; basic; 3. in the first level of a series or sequence; 4. chief;principal; main • The primary polio vaccine was the Salk vaccine, with Sabin’s coming along later. • Primary school is where a child develops fundamental reading and math skills. • In the primary elections, the final candidates are selected. • The president is the primary executive officer in the United States.192 Essential Vocabulary primate (PRY mayt) n. 1. any of an order of mammals that has soft hands andfeet, each terminating in five digits (monkeys, lemurs, apes, humans); 2. thehighest-ranking bishop in a province • Orangutans and gorillas are very different primates from your sister Sally. • A primate of the church is so called because he is prime among officials of his region. principle (PRIN si pil) n. 1. a fundamental truth or natural law; 2. the ultimateor underlying cause of something; 3. a rule of conduct or scientific law • It is a principle of Newton’s physical discoveries that what goes up must come down. • The principle of jet propulsion might not be obvious from watching a jet plane, but watch a squid propel itself through the water, and you’ll get it. • The principles of good manners are not hard to live by and make for a much more civilized existence. QUICK REVIEW #68Match the word from column 2 with the word from column 1 that means mostnearly the same thing. 1. preoccupy a. protection 2. prepossess b. rule 3. prescribe c. mainly 4. preservation d. bishop 5. presumptuous e. preceding 6. pretense f. engross 7. pretentious g. fundamental 8. previous h. prejudice 9. primarily i. false claim 10. primary j. outlaw 11. primate k. ostentatious 12. principle l. arrogant pristine* (pris TEEN) adj. 1. characteristic of an earlier time or condition;original; 2. as if unopened; unspoiled; still pure • The pristine conditions of the Alaskan forests exist only because humans have interfered with them minimally. • Pristine mountain streams barely exist in the lower 48 states, primarily due to urban and industrial sprawl. [-ly adv.] ...