Essential Vocabulary literary_8

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Essential Vocabulary literary_8 D: GRE Words 273 distillation (DIS til AY shin) n. 1. a process by which a liquid is vaporized, andthe vapor is cooled to form a purer or more highly concentrated substance; 2. apurifying or refining by distillation • Alcoholic spirits are removed from fermented mash by means of distillation. • Distillation is used to separate gasoline from crude oil. [Syn. concentration, purification] diversity (di VERS i tee) n. the quality or state of being different or varied • The diversity of its people is thought to be one of the great strengths of the United States. • An interesting menu in a restaurant should offer the customers a diversity of choices. [Syn. variety] divest (di VEST) vt. 1. to strip of clothing or rank; 2. to get rid of unwantedthings • For failing to follow orders, the sergeant was divested of his stripes. • Given the recent performance of the stock market, now seems like a pretty good time to divest your portfolio of poor performers. [-ed, -ing] [Syn. strip] divulge (di VULJ) vt. to make known, disclose, reveal • You must promise never to divulge the location of the hidden treasure, or else! • Unless you pay to see my hand, I do not have to divulge which cards I was holding when I won that hand. [-d, divulging] [Syn. reveal] dogmatic (dawg MAT ik) adj. 1. of or like dogma; 2. accepted without proof;3. stating an opinion with arrogance • In the early part of the twentieth century, the story about a young George Washington chopping down a cherry tree was dogmatic. • The scientific community encourages its members to question everything and to avoid being dogmatic. • Dr. Jackson tends to be dogmatic when he hands out his diagnoses to the medical students. [-ally adv.] [Syn. dictatorial] dolt (DOHLT) n. stupid, slow-witted person; blockhead • The way that man slipped into the bus seat before the pregnant woman could take it marks him as a dolt. • Who but a dolt goes out of the house wearing his or her shoes on the wrong feet? [-ish adj., -ishly adv., -ishness n.]274 Essential Vocabulary dormant (DAWR mint) adj. 1. asleep; 2. as if asleep; resting; 3. inactive;inoperative • The night watchman was dormant on the job. • While the cat may appear dormant, it is aware of everything going on around it. • A dormant volcano might not have erupted in the last 100 years, yet it is still alive. • Most of the volcanoes in the Cascades are considered to be dormant. [-ly adv., dormancy n.] [Syn. latent] dross (DRAWSS) n. 1. a scum that forms on the surface of molten metal;2. waste material; worthless stuff; rubbish • In a steel mill or foundry, dross ends up on the rubbish heap. • Good garage-sale shoppers learn to separate treasure from dross. dubious (DOO bee is) adj. 1. causing doubt; vague; ambiguous; 2. of doubtfulvalue; questionable; shady; 3. skeptical; hesitating • Valerie was rather dubious about whether she was coming to the basketball game. • That premium-brand watch being offered by the street salesperson for $30 is of dubious quality. dynamo (DY ni MOH) n. 1. a forceful, energetic person; 2. an electricalgenerator • The chairman of the company was a human dynamo, constantly on the go. • In hydroelectric plants, falling water turns the dynamo that generates the electricity. • That weight lifter is strong as a dynamo. dysfunctional (dis FUNK shi nuhl) adj. 1. unable to perform normally orproperly; 2. showing impaired or abnormal psychosocial functioning • A person with dysfunctional kidneys has to make use of a dialysis machine. • Serial killers are among the most dysfunctional personalities in the world. D: GRE Words 275 QUICK REVIEW #99Match the word from column 2 with the word from column 1 that means mostnearly the same thing. 1. distillation a. rubbish 2. diversity b. purification 3. divest c. generator 4. divulge d. variety 5. dogmatic e. abnormal 6. dolt f. latent 7. dormant g. doubtful 8. dross h. reveal 9. dubious i. blockhead 10. dynamo j. strip 11. dysfunctional k. dictatorial E–F edify (ED i FY) vt. to instruct so as to enlighten or im ...