Essential Vocabulary literary_9

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Essential Vocabulary literary_9314 Essential Vocabulary QUICK REVIEW #114Match the word from column 2 with the word from column 1 that means mostnearly the same thing. 1. obsolete a. caricature 2. occult b. obscure 3. odious c. manifest 4. odium d. sphere 5. oligarchy e. rural 6. opaque f. esoteric 7. opprobrium g. analyze 8. orb h. sponsor 9. overt i. aristocracy 10. parody j. hateful 11. parse k. infamy 12. pastoral l. hatred 13. patron m. passé peccadillo (PEK uh DIL oh) n. a minor or slight sin; a small fault or misdeed • Mark’s roving eye was a peccadillo that Noreen did not care to put up with, so she dumped him. • Treating as a peccadillo a child’s taking a candy bar from a store without paying is as good as encouraging the child to go on to larger crimes. pedantry (PED in tree) n. 1. petty insistence on exact adherence to minor arbi-trary points of learning; 2. ostentatious demonstrations of knowledge • Mrs. Higgins, true to her pedantry, insists that each of her students learn Lincoln’s “Gettysburg Address” word for word. • Bert, in his pedantry, never missed an opportunity to use a five-syllable word when a two-syllable one would have done the job. pedestrian (pi DES tree in) adj. 1. walking; done on foot; 2. of or for a walker;3. lacking interest; ordinary; dull —n. a walker • Special Walk/Don’t Walk signs are growing more popular for the benefit of pedestrian citizens. • The UN ambassador’s speech was very pedestrian and lulled half its listeners into a daze. • City drivers need to keep an eye out for pedestrians crossing the street. [-ly adv.] [Syn. ordinary] O – P: GRE Words 315 peripatetic (PER i puh TET ik) adj. moving about from place to place; itinerant • Peripatetic movie critics might move from theater to theater and check out the comfort of the seats as well as what’s on the screen. • A nomad lives a peripatetic existence. [-ally adv.] [Syn. itinerant] perish (PER ish) vt. 1. to be destroyed or wiped out; 2. to die; disappear • Many people perished in the floods of 2004. • As it passed over the horizon, the sun perished from view. • Do not perish the thought of adding every one of these words to your vocabulary. [-ed, -ing] [Syn. disappear, die] perjury (POER joer ee) n. lying under oath; failing to tell the truth under formaloath (to a court of law) • Perjury is a crime that is committed more frequently than those who commit it are prosecuted. • Witnesses who refused to say anything in court cannot be accused of perjury. permeable (POER mee i bl) adj. capable of being passed through by fluids(liquids and gases) • Cell membranes are permeable so that dissolved nutrients can pass through them. • The most common permeable item in households today is the coffee filter. [permeably adv.] perturb (poer TOERB) vt. 1. to annoy, alarm, or upset; 2. to cause confusion ordisorder; unsettle (Imperturbable means not capable of being disturbed.) • Francesco is perturbed when he thinks someone is hurting an animal. • Many people are perturbed by the sight of blood. • Shouting fire in a crowded theater might perturb the audience enough to cause a riot and so is illegal. [-ed, -ing] [Syn. disturb] pervade (poer VAYD) vt. to be prevalent or widespread • A feeling of relief pervaded the community after hearing the news that the little girl had been rescued from the shaft. • A case of blight pervaded the Irish potato crop at one time and caused wide- spread famine. [-d, pervading] philistine (FIL is teen) adj. 1. uncultured and smugly conventional —n 1.small-town people; locals 2. (P) the name of the ancient people who often foughtwith the Israelites of biblical times, and among whose number was Goliath • The diva’s response to a request that she perform a certain number was a philistine, “I sang that yesterday.” • Students in a college town often refer to the townspeople as philistines. • Delilah was the Philistine woman who was responsible for Samson’s haircut.316 Essential Vocabulary photosynthesis (foh toh SIN thi sis) n. the chemical process by which a greenplant combines ...