Fabrication and characterization of PMMA/ZrO2 nanocomposite 3D printing filaments

The 3D printing PMMA/ZrO2 filaments with a diameter of 1.75±0.05 mm were fabricated by using a single-screw extruder at temperatures of four heating zones of 190, 200, 210, and 210°C. Testing samples were prepared from the extruded filaments by using a fusion deposition modeling 3D printer and a Haake MiniJet piston injection molding machine. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mechanical properties, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis of the filaments were investigated.
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Fabrication and characterization of PMMA/ZrO2 nanocomposite 3D printing filamentsCite this paper: Vietnam J. Chem., 2023, 61(4), 461-469 Research articleDOI: 10.1002/vjch.202200185 Fabrication and characterization of PMMA/ZrO2 nanocomposite 3D printing filaments Nguyen Thi Dieu Linh1,2, Khuc Duong Huy1, Nguyen Thi Kim Dung3, Ngo Xuan Luong4, Thai Hoang2, Do Quang Tham1,2* 1 Graduated University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10072, Viet Nam 2 Insitute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10072, Viet Nam 3 National Academy of Education Management, 31 Phan Dinh Giot, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam 4 Hong Duc University, 565 Quang Trung, Dong Ve, Thanh Hoa 40100, Viet Nam Submitted November 7, 2022; Revised March 20, 2023; Accepted April 24, 2023Abstract The 3D printing PMMA/ZrO2 filaments with a diameter of 1.75±0.05 mm were fabricated by using a single-screwextruder at temperatures of four heating zones of 190, 200, 210, and 210°C. Testing samples were prepared from theextruded filaments by using a fusion deposition modeling 3D printer and a Haake MiniJet piston injection moldingmachine. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mechanical properties, field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis of the filaments were investigated. It wassuggested the formation of physical and molecular interactions between surface hydroxyl groups of ZrO2 nanoparticlesand C-O-C groups of PMMA in the PMMA/ZrO2 filaments. FESEM images of the filaments indicated the good dispersionof ZrO2 nanoparticles in the PMMA matrix, nevertheless, there was still the formation of clusters of ZrO 2 nanoparticlesin the nanocomposite filaments. The incorporation of nano ZrO2 increased the thermal properties, bending, and tensilemoduli of PMMA. The mechanical properties of the 3D-printed samples were lower than those of the molded samples.However, the bending strength of the 3D-printed samples was much higher than 50 MPa, bending modulus was muchhigher than 1800 MPa, as required for acrylic bone cement (in ISO 5833:2002). Keywords. 3D printing filaments, PMMA, ZrO2 nanoparticle, fusion deposition modeling, mechanical properties.1. INTRODUCTION reports related to the preparation and characterization of PMMA/ZrO2 nanocomposites. M. A. Reyes-Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is one kinds of Acosta et al. prepared the different PMMA/ZrO2thermoplastics, commonly called “organic glass”, polymer nanocomposites via extrusion method andPMMA has many excellent properties such as high investigated the influence of ZrO2 loadings on thetransparency, light weight, high hardness, good thermal stability and UV radiation resistance of theweather-resistant, high elastic modulus, low polymer nanocomposites.[9] Fourier transformshrinkage and other good properties. PMMA can be infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magneticalso used as a biomedical material, such as an resonance (1HNMR) spectral measurements indicatedimportant component of bone cement, and acrylic the electrostatic interaction between the polymer anddenture base because of its biocompatibility with ZrO2 nanoparticles. Therefore, the PMMA/ZrO2human and animal bodies.[1-4] Zirconia is a well- nanocomposites showed higher thermal stability, UVknown biomedical ceramic material that has been absorption, elastic modulus and hardness inused as bone tissue because of its excellent comparison with those of neat PMMA.bioactivity.[5-7] Recently, polymer nanocomposites Q. Y. Hu et al.[10] prepared PMMA/ZrO2 via bulkhave been the hot topic in material science because of polymerization from methyl methacrylatesome superior properties to conventional polymer (MMA)/ZrO2 dispersions, and 2-hydroxyethylcomposites.[8] Up to now, there have been some methacrylate (HEMA) as a coupling agent. The461 Wiley Online Library © 2023 Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi & Wiley-VCH GmbH 25728288, 2023, 4, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/vjch.202200185 by Readcube (Labtiva Inc.), Wiley Online Library on [01/05/2024]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons LicenseVietnam Journal of Chemistry Do Quang Tham et al.results showed that the PMMA/ZrO2 nanocomposites rectangular shape via UV curing 3D-printing methodwere transparent with ZrO2 content of up to 7.0 wt.%. and then using the same polishing procedure. TheirFTIR spectra indicated that hydrogen bonding was study revealed that heat-polymerized acrylic resinformed between PMMA and ZrO2 nanoparticles. showed higher mechanical properties when comparedTensile measurements a ...