Figure Drawing - Individual Muscles - Face and Head

Introduction The muscles of the head consist of the chewing muscles (temporalis, masseter, and digastric) and the facial muscles (zygomaticus, orbicularis oris, etc.). The chewing muscles are thick and volumetric, and they originate and insert on bone. They open and close the lower jaw, with the action taking place at the jaw joint (temporomandibular joint). The facial muscles are thin. They originate either from the skull or from the surface of other muscles, and they generally insert into other facial muscles or into the skin. When they contract, they move the features of the face (eyes, nose, mouth, ears)....
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Figure Drawing - Individual Muscles - Face and Head28 INDIVIDUAL MUSCLES > FACE & HEAD HORSE OX Introduction dicular to the direction of their muscular fibers (perpendicular to theThe muscles of the head consist of the chewing muscles (temporalis, direction of pull). The mouth region receives the most muscles; there-masseter, and digastric) and the facial muscles (zygomaticus, orbicularis fore, it is the most mobile part of the face.oris, etc.). The chewing muscles are thick and volumetric, and they origi- Some facial muscles are so thin that they do not create anynate and insert on bone. They open and close the lower jaw, with the direct form on the surface (caninus, malaris, orbicularis oculi), whereasaction taking place at the jaw joint (temporomandibular joint). other facial muscles or their tendons may create surface form directly The facial muscles are thin. They originate either from the skull or (buccinator, levator labii maxillaris, zygomaticus, and depressor labiifrom the surface of other muscles, and they generally insert into other mandibularis). Facial muscles are generally more visible on the surfacefacial muscles or into the skin. When they contract, they move the fea- in the horse and the ox than in the dog and feline. The facial muscles,tures of the face (eyes, nose, mouth, ears). As they pull the facial fea- as they move the eyes, nose, mouth, and ears, generate whatever facialtures, they often gather the skin into folds and wrinkles that lie perpen- expressions animals are capable of producing. INDIVIDUAL MUSCLES » FACE & HEAD 29 DOG LIONBucc Buccinator; Canin Caninus; Digas Digastric; DiNAp Dilator naris apicalis;DLaMn Depressor tabii mandibularis; DLaMx Depressor labii maxillaris; FrontFrontalis; LAOM Levator anguli oculi medialis; LatNa Lateralis nasi; LeNas Levatornasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; Malar Malaris; Mass Masseter; MeritMentalis; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; RAOL Retractor angulioculi lateralis; ScCar Scutiform cartilage; Temp Temporalis; Zyg Zygomaticus;ZygAr Zygomatic arch.30 INDIVIDUAL MUSCLES + FACE & HEAD HORSE DOG -***» Orbicularis oculi to eye; a small bundle of fibers separate and insert above the inner• Attachment: A short ligament at the inner corner of the eye, whose corner of the eye, similar to the dog. There is no levator anguli oculiinner end attaches to the skull. medialis in the ox; fibers of the frontalis muscle insert along the entire• Action: Eyelid portion: closes eyelids (blinking), primarily by depress- upper edge of the orbicularis oculi and perform a similar function bying the upper eyelid. Outer portion: tightens and compresses the skin raising the skin above the eye.surrounding the eye, protecting the eyeball. Retractor anguli oculi lateralis• Structure: The orbicularis oculi is a flat, elliptical muscle consisting of • Origin: Side of the head to the rear of the eye.two portions. The eyelid portion lies in the upper and lower eyelids, and • Insertion: Outer (rear) corner of the eye region.the outer portion surrounds the eye and lies on the skull. The eyelid por- • Action: Pulls the region of the outer corner of the eye rearward.tion in the upper lid is larger than that in the lower lid. The muscle • Structure: The retractor anguli oculi lateralis is a short muscle. It isbegins and ends from a ligament at the inner corner of the eye, passing not found in the horse or the ox.uninterrupted around the outer corner of the eye. This ligament in turnattaches to the skull, which is the only bony attachment of the muscle. Di ...