FRENCH SENTENCE BUILDER – PART 8

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FRENCH SENTENCE BUILDER – PART 8Expressing certainty or uncertainty You may begin a sentence with one of many impersonal expressions that help convey varying degrees of certainty or uncertainty. Remember that expressions that convey uncertainty must be followed by a verb in the subjunctive mood. (See Unit 8.) The following expressions are frequently used in French. Note the use of transitional words in the short paragraph following these expressions: FOLLOWED BY INDICATIVE MOOD FOLLOWED BY SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD Il est certain que It is certain that Il n’est pas certain que It is not certain that Il est évident que It is evident that Il est possible que It is possible that Il est probable que It is probable that Il est peu probable que It is improbable that Il va de soi que It is self-evident that Il est contestable que It is questionable/ debatable that Ce n’est pas clair. Il est contestable qu’il ait It is not clear. It is questionable that he won. gagné. Quelle surprise! Il est certain What a surprise! It is certain that we qu’on ne peut pas tout prévoir. Mais quel cannot predict everything. But what a mensonge! Il est évident que la vérité est lie! It is evident that truth is rare. rare. Il est si têtu. Il n’est pas certain He is so stubborn. It is not certain qu’on puisse raisonner avec lui. Il n’écoute that we can reason with him. He does pas. Il est peu probable qu’il fasse ce not listen. He is not likely to do what qu’on lui demande. they ask.Illustrating a point You may begin a sentence with one of the following terms when you are ready to give evidence for the point you are making. Note the use of transitional words in the short paragraph following these expressions: Notamment Notably/In particular Par exemple For example On peut préciser que Let us point out that/One should point out that On peut souligner que Let us stress that Il avait des raisons très claires pour He had very clear reasons to commit the felony. commettre le délit. On peut préciser One should point out that he had thought qu’il y avait beaucoup réfléchi. Mais il about it a lot. But he made several mistakes. a fait plusieurs erreurs. Par exemple, For example, last month he forgot to pay le mois dernier, il a oublié de payer une a bill. And he had a record: he had been facture. Et il avait un dossier: il avait été incarcerated several times, in particular emprisonné plusieurs fois, notamment last year. l’an dernier.Giving a reason Except for comme, which must begin a sentence in order to mean as/since, you may use the fol- lowing terms to begin or develop a sentence when you want to explain why. Note the use of tran- sitional words in the short paragraph following these expressions: À cause de Because of Comme As/Since Étant donné que Given that Parce que Because Puisque Since 185 Making transitions À cause de l ’examen ce matin, Mireille était Because of the exam this morning, Mireille pressée. Étant donné qu’elle était en retard, was in a hurry. Given that she was late, elle a décidé de prendre la voiture de sa she decided to take her sister’s car. Since sœur. Comme elle en avait besoin tout de she needed it immediately, she took it suite, elle l’a prise sans demander. Ce n’était without asking. It was not nice, pas sympa parce que la sœur de Mireille a because Mireille’s sister got very scared eu très peur quand elle n’a pas vu sa voiture. when she did not see he ...