Giáo trình Văn học Anh (dành cho sinh viên năm thứ ba chuyên ngành Ngữ văn Anh): Phần 2 - Nguyễn Thị Kiều Thu, Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Dung

Tiếp nối nội dung phần 1, phần 2 "Giáo trình Văn học Anh" trình bày những tác phẩm chọn lọc của văn học Anh gồm hai mảng. Mảng 1 là những tác phẩm minh họa cho các giai đoạn lịch sử văn học đã đề cập trong phần 1. Chủ yếu trong mảng này là thơ ca và có thêm trích đoạn một tiểu thuyết. Mảng 2 là bảy truyện ngắn của các nhà văn Anh thế kỷ 20 bao gồm các nhà văn quen thuộc với độc giả Việt Nam như D. H. Lawrence, Graham Green, ngoài ra tác giả còn giới thiệu thêm một số nhà văn thành danh trong giai đoạn nửa cuối thế kỷ 20 như Doris Lessing, H.E. Bates, W. W. Jacobs... Mỗi phân đoạn nhỏ bao gồm tiểu sử tác giả cùng nguyên bản tác phẩm và các câu hỏi hướng dẫn để dạy và học.
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Giáo trình Văn học Anh (dành cho sinh viên năm thứ ba chuyên ngành Ngữ văn Anh): Phần 2 - Nguyễn Thị Kiều Thu, Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Dung++++++++++++++PART II 4546William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616) ...When in eternal lines to time thou growest: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. (Sonnet 18) 4748 BIOGRAPHY William Shakespeare was born to John Shakespeare and mother Mary Arden some time in late April 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. There is no record of his birth, but his baptism was recorded by the church, thus his birthday is assumed to be the 23 of April. His father was a prominent and prosperous alderman in the town of Stratford-upon-Avon, and was later granted a coat of arms by the College of Heralds. All that is known of Shakespeares youth is that he presumably attended the Stratford Grammar School, and did not proceed to Oxford or Cambridge. The next record we have of him is his marriage to AnneHathaway in 1582. The next year she bore a daughter for him, Susanna, followed by thetwins Judith and Hamnet two years later.Seven years later Shakespeare was recognized as an actor, poet, and playwright, when arival playwright, Robert Greene, referred to him as ‘an upstart crow’ in ‘A Groatsworth ofWit.’ A few years later he joined up with one of the most successful acting troupes inLondon: ‘The Lord Chamberlains Men’. When, in 1599, the troupe lost the lease of thetheatre where they performed (appropriately called ‘The Theatre’), they were wealthyenough to build their own theatre across the Thames, south of London, which they called‘The Globe.’ The new theatre opened in July of 1599, built from the timbers of ‘TheTheatre’, with the motto ‘Totus mundus agit histrionem’ (A whole world of players). WhenJames I came to the throne (1603) the troupe was designated by the new king as the‘Kings Men’ (or ‘Kings Company’). The Letters Patent of the company specificallycharged Shakespeare and eight others ‘freely to use and exercise the art and faculty ofplaying Comedies, Tragedies, Histories, Interludes, Morals, Pastorals, stage plays ... aswell for recreation of our loving subjects as for our solace and pleasure’.Shakespeare entertained the King and the people for another ten years until June 19,1613, when a canon fired from the roof of the theatre for a gala performance of HenryVIII set fire to the thatch roof and burned the theatre to the ground. The audience ignoredthe smoke from the roof at first, being too absorbed in the play, until the flames caught thewalls and the fabric of the curtains. Amazingly there were no casualties, and the nextspring the company had the theatre ‘new builded in a far fairer manner than before’.Although Shakespeare invested in the rebuilding, he retired from the stage to the GreatHouse of New Place in Sratford that he had purchased in 1597, and some considerableland holdings, where he continued to write until his death in 1616 on the day of his 52ndbirthday. 49The complete works of WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Comedy History Tragedy PoetryAlls Well That Ends Well Henry IV, part 1 Antony and The SonnetsAs You Like It Henry IV, part 2 Cleopatra A LoversThe Comedy of Errors Henry V Coriolanus ComplaintCymbeline Henry VI, part 1 Hamlet The Rape ofLoves Labours Lost Henry VI, part 2 Julius Caesar LucreceMeasure for Measure Henry VI, part 3 King Lear Venus and AdonisThe Merry Wives of Henry VIII Macbeth Funeral Elegy byWindsor King John Othello W.S.The Merchant of Venice Richard II Romeo and JulietA Midsummer Nights Richard III Timon of AthensDream Titus AndronicusMuch Ado About NothingPericles, Prince of TyreTaming of the ShrewThe TempestTroilus and CressidaTwelfth NightTwo Gentlemen of VeronaWinters Tale50THE SONNET FORM A sonnet is a fourteen-line lyrical poem, traditionally written in iambic pentameter.The sonnet form first became popular during the Italian Renaissance, when the poetPetrarch published a sequence of love sonnets addressed to an idealized woman namedLaura. The sonnet spread throughout Europe to England. In Elizabethan England, thesonnet was the form of choice for lyric poets, particularly lyric poets seeking to engagewith traditional themes of love and romance.Two kinds of s ...