Heterosis for grain yield and its component traits in rice

Twenty one Kerala rice varieties were crossed with four CMS lines in LxT fashion. The hybrid developed from twenty two crosses between identified restorers and 4 CMS lines were evaluated for heterosis in yield and yield contributing traits.
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Heterosis for grain yield and its component traits in rice Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(10): 50-60 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 10 (2017) pp. 50-60 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.comOriginal Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.007 Heterosis for Grain Yield and its Component Traits in Rice R. Das1*, V. G. Jayalekshmy1, S. Leenakumari2, Vijayaraghavakumar3 and Swapna Alex4 1 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Vellayani Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala, India 2 Registrar, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala, India 3 Department of Agricultural Statistics, 4Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACTKeywords Twenty one Kerala rice varieties were crossed with four CMS lines in LxTCMS, L x T, fashion. The hybrid developed from twenty two crosses between identifiedRestorers, Hybrid restorers and 4 CMS lines were evaluated for heterosis in yield and yieldand Heterosis. contributing traits. Identified promising hybrids were UPRI95-17A xArticle Info Aiswarya, UPRI95-17A x Neeraja, UPRI95-17A x Remya and CRMS31A x Kanakom based on high mean grain yield per plant and high standardAccepted:04 September 2017 heterosis over standard check Uma with respect to grain yield and yieldAvailable Online: contributing traits. Identified superior hybrids can be released for10 October 2017 commercial purpose after trail.IntroductionThe challenge of increasing the annual rice and widely adopted by farmers in Chinaproduction of the country calls for both short during the past 25 years. During 2006,and long term planning encompassing genetic hybrids were cultivated in India in around 1as well as crop management options. Among m.ha, and the National Food Security Missionthe innovative genetic options available, (NFSM) has set a target of expanding thehybrid rice technology is practically feasible hybrid rice cultivation to 3 m.ha by 2011-12.and readily adoptable (Viraktamath et al., Yield barrier in semi – dwarf inbred rice was2010). Hybrid rice technology aims to broken by successful development of riceincrease the yield potential of rice beyond the hybrids in China which yielded about 20level of popular high yielding varieties percent more than conventional inbred rice(HYVs) by exploiting hybrid vigour or (Virmani et al., 1982).heterosis. Hybrid rice technology particularlyutilizing the Cytoplasm Genic Male Sterility Commercial success of hybrid rice in China(CGMS) has now been widely adopted across has clearly demonstrated the potential of thisseveral countries in Asia and USA. This technology to meet the ever-increasingtechnology has been successfully developed demands for rice world over. 50 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(10): 50-60Rice is a self-pollinating crop, even though field and planted in pots. In the CMS linesstrong heterosis is observed in their F1 individual plants with complete pollenhybrids. Heterosis or hybrid vigour in the first sterility was identified by observing thegeneration (F1) seeds, obtained by crossing pollen grains under the microscope using onegenetically distant breeding lines, is well per cent Iodine potassium iodide (I2KI) stain.known in crop breeding (Shull, 1952). Plant showing 100% pollen sterility wasHeterosis is the superiority of F1 hybrids over chosen as for hybridization.their parents. Heterosis may be positive ornegative depending upon the breeding Emasculation was done in the female parentsobjectives. Both positive and negative by the clipping method. One day before theheterosis is useful for crop improvement. pollination spikelets were clipped off oneInvestigations on heterosis provide third from the top without damaging thefundamental information regarding the stigma. Im ...