Human Anatomy and Physiology

Human anatomy and physiology is more than just interesting, it is fascinating. To help get the students and instructions involved in the study of this subject, a number of special features are incorporated throughout the lecture note.
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Human Anatomy and Physiology LECTURE NOTES For Nursing Students Human Anatomy and Physiology Nega Assefa Alemaya University Yosief Tsige Jimma UniversityIn collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education 2003 Funded under USAID Cooperative Agreement No. 663-A-00-00-0358-00. Produced in collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education.Important Guidelines for Printing and PhotocopyingLimited permission is granted free of charge to print or photocopy all pages of thispublication for educational, not-for-profit use by health care workers, students orfaculty. All copies must retain all author credits and copyright notices included in theoriginal document. Under no circumstances is it permissible to sell or distribute on acommercial basis, or to claim authorship of, copies of material reproduced from thispublication.©2003 by Nega Assefa and Yosief TsigeAll rights reserved. Except as expressly provided above, no part of this publication maybe reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system,without written permission of the author or authors. This material is intended for educational use only by practicing health care workers or students and faculty in a health care field.Human Anatomy and Physiology PrefaceThere is a shortage in Ethiopia of teaching / learning materialin the area of anatomy and physicalogy for nurses. The CarterCenter EPHTI appreciating the problem and promoted thedevelopment of this lecture note that could help both theteachers and students.Human anatomy and physiology is more than just interesting,it is fascinating. To help get the students and instructionsinvolved in the study of this subject, a number of specialfeatures are incorporated throughout the lecture note.The lecture note provides a thorough review of humananatomy and physiology applicable to the nurses. It covers allbody parts using a systemic approach. Each chapter isdesigned to aid effective student learning.Each chapter contains:- The Learning objectives: what the students are expected to accomplish upon completion of a particular chapter.- Key concepts: summary of selected key terms included in the chapter.- Illustrations: there will aid the students to achieve a better understanding of the subject matter. iHuman Anatomy and Physiology- Review questions: a cross check to know if the students have come to grasp concepts stated in the chapter.We hope that you enjoy the lecture note of Human Anatomyand Physiology for nurses. Please let us know if you have anycomments regarding this lecture note. iiHuman Anatomy and Physiology AcknowledgmentsWe are highly indebted to acknowledge the authors of thereference books we used in preparing this lecture note. Wewould like to extend our appreciation to the differentprofessionals involved in reviewing this manuscript through itsprocess specially Dr. Yamrot Kinfu, Head, Department ofAnatomy, Medical Faculty, AAU. We are also grateful to TheCarter Center EPHTI for facilitating the preparation of thislecture note. Our gratitude also goes to the assistance offeredby Jimma and Alemaya Universities for facilitating theopportunities and resources utilized to develop the lecturenote. iiiHuman Anatomy and Physiology Table of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgementTable of contentsList of tablesAbbreviationsIntroductionCHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION TO HUMANANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGYCHAPTER TWO – CELLCHAPTER THREE – TISSUES AND MEMBRANECHAPTER FOUR – THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEMCHAPTER FIVE – THE SKELETAL SYSTEMCHAPTER SIX – THE MUSCULAR SYSTEMCHAPTER SEVEN – THE NERVOUS SYSTEMCHAPTER EIGHT – THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEMCHAPTER NINE – CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMCHAPTER TEN – RESPIRATORY SYSTEMCHAPTER ELEVEN – DIGESTIVE SYSTEMCHAPTER TWELVE – THE URINARY SYSTEMCHAPTER THIRTEEN _ FLUID AND ELECTROLYTEBALANCECHAPTER FOURTEEN – THE REPRODUCTIVESYSTEMGlossaryAnswers to the study questionsReferences ivHuman Anatomy and Physiology List of TablesTable 1.1 Directional termsTable ...