Kinetic, Isothermal evaluation of Jackfruit Activated Carbon to removal Methylene Blue, and optimization by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Waste from Jackfruit has little economic value and often causes serious environmental problems. The conversion of jackfruit waste will help reduce waste treatment costs, provide a potential source of raw materials for the activated carbon (AC) and increase economic value. In this study, the ACs from the Jackfruit shell and pulp were synthesized by microwave assistance for removing organic dyes.
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Kinetic, Isothermal evaluation of Jackfruit Activated Carbon to removal Methylene Blue, and optimization by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)Chuyên san Phát triển Khoa học và Công nghệ số 8 (4), 2022 Kinetic, Isothermal evaluation of Jackfruit Activated Carbon to removal Methylene Blue, and optimization by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Bich Ngoc Hoang1*, Thi Kim Ngan Tran1, Thi Cam Quyen Ngo1 1 Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam * Corresponding author: bichhn@ntt.edu.vn ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Waste from Jackfruit has little economic value and often causes serious environmental problems. The conversion of jackfruit waste will help reduce waste treatment costs, provide a potential source of raw materials for the activated carbon (AC) and increase economic value. In this study, the ACs from the Jackfruit shell and pulp were synthesized by microwave assistance for removing organic dyes. The removal process of activated carbon was predicted through the fit of kinetic and isothermal adsorption models. RSM models was used to optimize the adsorption capacity of AC. Research results show that ACJP has an adsorption mechanism to follow the second- order kinetic model, Elovich and Langmuir. ACJS was showing a high correlation for Elovich, Bangham, Langmuir, and Temkin models. For the RSM optimization model, ACJP and ACJS wereKeywords: optimized with influencing parameters such as pH,Activated carbon, Response concentration, and dosage. The optimal adsorption capacity ofSurface Methodology, Kinetic, activated carbon is 94 mg.g-1 (ACJS) and 90 mg.g-1 (ACJP) withIsothermal, Jackfruit. a high correlation coefficient R2=1. 1. Introduction Among the most relevant multivariate techniques used in analytical optimization is theresponse surface method (RSM). The response surface method (RSM) was developed by Boxand collaborators in the 1950s (Bezerra et al., 2008; Gilmour, 2006). RSM includes a group ofmathematical and statistical techniques based on the fitting of experimental models toexperimental data obtained related to the experimental design. RSM defines the effect of theindependent variables, alone or in combination in the processes (Montgomery, 2017;Shojaeimehr et al., 2014b). This method has many advantages like being more economical,needing fewer experiments number, studying the interaction between parameters on response,predicting of the response, checking of method adequacy, and requiring a shorter time. The goalis to simultaneously optimize the extent of these variables for the best performance (Bezerra etal., 2008; Hanrahan & Lu, 2006; Teófilo & Ferreira, 2006). RSM model has been applied a lot in scientific research topics in many fields. In whichthe field of adsorbent materials, RSM model is applied to evaluate the optimal adsorptioncapacity of materials or used to evaluate the synthesis process in the most optimal way. In thestudy of Chijioke Elijah Onu and colleagues, the application of RSM to evaluate the optimaladsorption capacity of modified clay materials for black-T color. The results showed that thematerial adsorbed well at 30 minutes, pH4, 0.4 g.L-1 content, and temperature 35 °C (Onu etal., 2021). In the study of the author group, Surafel Mustefa Beyan applied activated carbonfrom bagasse to remove BOD and COD in textile dyeing wastewater. The results show that the 22Chuyên san Phát triển Khoa học và Công nghệ số 8 (4), 2022optimal condition from the RSM model is the content of 0.915 g.L-1, pH3.2 in 98.91 minutes,with the ability to remove BOD and COD at 0.0225 mg.g-1 and 0.023 mg.g-1, respectively(Beyan et al., 2021).In addition, the study of Alfarooq O. Basheer and colleagues investigatedthe Al3+ removal ability of activated carbon with KOH. Research results have shown that theadsorption capacity of 9,958 mg/g is based on the RSM model. The model shows optimalconditions at 655.77 °C for 1.09 hours with immersion ratio of 2.63 to reach an adsorptioncapacity of 9.95 mg.g-1 (Basheer et al., 2021). Soheila Gholamiyans study also showed a highdegree of agreement (R2 = 0.9697) when optimizing the erythromycin adsorption process ofmagnetic activated carbon using the RSM model. The results show that the treatment processis optimized at the initial concentration of 65 mg.L-1, the content of 1.55 g.L-1 in the contacttime is 76.25 minutes at 35 oC for the treatment efficiency of 95.125% (Gholamiyan et al.,2020). Next, the research of the author group Rahele Bagheri also used the RSM model tooptimize the processing of malachite green with activated carbon. The results show a highdegree of agreement between the experimental data and the predicted data. The adsorptionprocess was optimized at 75 minutes, pH7, color concentration 19.89 mg.L-1 with the amountof adsorbent 0.027 g (Bagheri et al., 2019). Tahereh Shojaeimehrs research group optimizedthe Cu adsorption process using the RSM model. The results show that the correlationcoefficient R2 = 0.941, with optimal adsorption conditions with pH = 4.6, temperature 50 oC,Cu2+ concentration is 150 mg.L-1 with the adsorbent weight is 50 mg. Optimum adsorptionc ...