Lecture CCNA Exploration 4.0 (Kỳ 2) - Chapter 1: Introduction to Routing and packet forwarding

This chapter identify a router as a computer with an OS and hardware designed for the routing process; demonstrate the ability to configure devices and apply addresses; describe the structure of a routing table; describe how a router determines a path and switches packets.
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Lecture CCNA Exploration 4.0 (Kỳ 2) - Chapter 1: Introduction to Routing and packet forwarding Chapter 1 - Introduction to Routing and Packet Forwarding CCNA Exploration 4.0 1 Objectives • Identify a router as a computer with an OS and hardware designed for the routing process. • Demonstrate the ability to configure devices and apply addresses. • Describe the structure of a routing table. • Describe how a router determines a path and switches packets Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 2 Inside the Router Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 3 Routers are Computers • Routers have many of the same hardware and software components that are found in other computers including: – CPU 1.1.1.1 – RAM – ROM – Operating System Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 4 Routers are Computers Routers are at the network center • A router connects multiple networks. This means that it has multiple interfaces that each belong to a different IP network. • Each network that a router connects to typically requires a separate interface. These interfaces are used to connect a combination of both Local Area Networks (LANs) and Wide Area Networks (WANs). 1.1.1.2 Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 5 Routers are Computers Routers determine the best path • The primary responsibility of a router is to direct packets destined for local and remote networks by: – Determining the best path to send packets – Forwarding packets toward their destination Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 6 Routers are Computers Routers determine the best path 1.1.1.3 Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 7 1.1.1.4 - ISR 1841 Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 8 Lab 1.1.1.5 Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 9 Evolution of Routers Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 10 Cisco Router Series Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 11 Extra: Integrated Services Routers • Benefits of the Integrated Services Network Router – One Device, Multiple Functions – Same Access at Headquarters and Remote Sites – Centralized Management – Integrated Network Security Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 12 Router Components 1.1.2
CPU - Executes operating system instructions
Random access memory (RAM) - Contains the running copy of configuration file. Stores routing table. RAM contents lost when power is off
Read-only memory (ROM) - Holds diagnostic software used when router is powered up. Stores the router’s bootstrap program.
Non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) - Stores startup configuration. This may include IP addresses (Routing protocol, Hostname of router)
Flash memory - Contains the operating system (Cisco IOS)
Interfaces - There exist multiple physical interfaces that are used to connect network. Examples of interface types: – Ethernet / FastEthernet interfaces – Serial interfaces – Management interfaces Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 13 Router Components Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 14 Cisco router 1841’s Architecture - Front Panel LED Color Status SYS PWR Green Router has successfully booted up and the software is functional. Slow, steady blinking when system is booting or in the ROM monitor. SYS ACT Green Blinking when packets are transmitted or received on any WAN or LAN interface, or when monitoring system activity. CF Blinking Flash memory is busy. Do not remove the CompactFlash memory card green when this light is on. http://www.cisco.com/cdc_content_elements/flash/nextgen/webversion/1800/kaon/1841/index.html?NO_NAV Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 15 Cisco router 1841’s Architecture - Back Panel Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 16 Cisco router 1841’s Architecture - Internal A SO-DIMM, or small outline dual in-line memory module, is a type of computer memory integrated circuit Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 17 View Interactive 3D Model of the Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router http://www.cisco.com/cdc_content_elements/flash/nextgen/webversion/1800/kaon/1841/index.html?NO_NAV Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 18 Internetwork Operating System 1.1.3 Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 19 Extra: Cisco IOS Packaging Học viện mạng Cisco Bách Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 20