Lecture Charter 5: C Functions

Lecture "Charter 5: C Functions" provides students with the knowledge: Introduction, program Modules in C, math library functions, functions, function definitions, function prototypes, function call stack and activation records,... Inviting you refer.
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Lecture Charter 5: C Functions 15 C Functions  2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 25.1 Introduction5.2 Program Modules in C5.3 Math Library Functions5.4 Functions5.5 Function Definitions5.6 Function Prototypes5.7 Function Call Stack and Activation Records5.8 Headers5.9 Calling Functions: Call-by-Value and Call-by- Reference  2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 35.10 Random Number Generation5.11 Example: A Game of Chance5.12 Storage Classes5.13 Scope Rules5.14 Recursion5.15 Example Using Recursion: Fibonacci Series5.16 Recursion vs. Iteration  2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 45.1 Introduction  Divide and conquer – Construct a program from smaller pieces or components - These smaller pieces are called modules – Each piece more manageable than the original program  2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 55.2 Program Modules in C Functions – Modules in C – Programs combine user-defined functions with library functions - C standard library has a wide variety of functions Function calls – Invoking functions - Provide function name and arguments (data) - Function performs operations or manipulations - Function returns results – Function call analogy: - Boss asks worker to complete task Worker gets information, does task, returns result Information hiding: boss does not know details  2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 6Software Engineering Observation 5.1 Avoid reinventing the wheel. When possible, use C Standard Library functions instead of writing new functions. This can reduce program development time.  2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 7Fig. 5.1 | Hierarchical boss function/worker function relationship.  2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 85.3 Math Library Functions  Math library functions – perform common mathematical calculations – #include  Format for calling functions – FunctionName( argument ); - If multiple arguments, use comma-separated list – printf( %.2f, sqrt( 900.0 ) ); - Calls function sqrt, which returns the square root of its argument - All math functions return data type double – Arguments may be constants, variables, or expressions  2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 9Function Description Examplesqrt( x ) square root of x sqrt( 900.0 ) is 30.0 sqrt( 9.0 ) is 3.0exp( x ) exponential function ex exp( 1.0 ) is 2.718282 exp( 2.0 ) is 7.389056log( x ) natural logarithm of x (base e) log( 2.718282 ) is 1.0 log( 7.389056 ) is 2.0log10( x ) logarithm of x (base 10) log10( 1.0 ) is 0.0 log10( 10.0 ) is 1.0 log10( 100.0 ) is 2.0fabs( x ) absolute value of x fabs( 5.0 ) is 5.0 fabs( 0.0 ) is 0.0 fabs( -5.0 ) is 5.0ceil( x ) rounds x to the smallest integer ceil( 9.2 ) is 10.0 not less than x ceil( -9.8 ) is -9.0 Fig. 5.2 | Commonly used math library functions. (Part 1 of 2.)  2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 10Function Description ...