Linux all in one desk reference for dummies phần 6

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Linux all in one desk reference for dummies phần 6 Chapter 1: Learning Basic System Administration In This Chapter Introducing the GUI sysadmin tools Becoming root Understanding the system startup process Taking stock of the system configuration files Viewing system information through the /proc file system Monitoring system performance Managing devices Scheduling jobs S ystem administration or sysadmin refers to whatever has to be done to keep a computer system up and running; the system administrator (also called the sysadmin) is whoever is in charge of taking care of these tasks. If you’re running Linux at home or in a small office, you’re most likely the system administrator for your systems. Or maybe you’re the system admin- istrator for a whole LAN full of Linux systems. No matter. In this chapter, I introduce you to basic system administration procedures and show you how to perform some common tasks. Each Linux distribution comes with quite a few graphical tools for perform- ing specific system administration tasks. I introduce you to some of these GUI tools in this chapter and describe some of them in greater detail in the other chapters of this minibook.Taking Stock of System Administration Tasks So what are system administration tasks? My off-the-cuff reply is anything you have to do to keep the system running well. More accurately, though, a system administrator’s duties include the following: TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine !350 Taking Stock of System Administration Tasks ✦ Adding and removing user accounts. You have to add new user accounts and remove unnecessary user accounts. If a user forgets the password, you have to change the password. ✦ Managing the printing system. You have to turn the print queue on or off, check the print queue’s status, and delete print jobs if necessary. ✦ Installing, configuring, and upgrading the operating system and vari- ous utilities. You have to install or upgrade parts of the Linux operating system and other software that are part of the operating system. ✦ Installing new software. You have to install software that comes in vari- ous package formats such as RPM or DEB. You also have to download and unpack software that comes in source-code form — and then build executable programs from the source code. ✦ Managing hardware. Sometimes, you have to add new hardware and install drivers so the devices work properly. ✦ Making backups. You have to back up files, either in a Zip drive or on tape (if you have a tape drive). ✦ Mounting and unmounting file systems. When you want to access the files on a CD-ROM, for example, you have to mount that CD-ROM’s file system on one of the directories in your Linux file system. You also have to mount floppy disks, in both Linux format and DOS format. ✦ Automating tasks. You have to schedule Linux tasks to take place auto- matically (at specific times) or periodically (at regular intervals). ✦ Monitoring the system’s performance. You may want to keep an eye on system performance to see where the processor is spending most of its time, and to see the amount of free and used memory in the system. ✦ Starting and shutting down the system. Although starting the system typically involves nothing more than powering up the PC, you do have to take some care when you want to shut down your Linux system. If your system is set up for a graphical login screen, you can perform the shutdown operation by selecting a menu item from the login screen. Otherwise, use the shutdown command to stop all programs before turning off your PC’s power switch. ✦ Monitoring network status. If you have a network presence (whether a LAN, a DSL line, or cable modem connection), you may want to check the status of various network interfaces and make sure your network connection is up and running. ✦ Setting up host and network security. You have to make sure that system files are protected and that your system can defend itself against attacks over the network. ✦ Monitoring security. You have to keep an eye on any intrusions, usually by checking the log files. TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine ! 351 ...