Linux all in one desk reference for dummies phần 7

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Linux all in one desk reference for dummies phần 7424 Working with RPM Files You can see a list of all installed RPMs by using the following command: rpm -qa You see a long list of RPMs scroll by your screen. To view the list one screen at a time, type rpm -qa | more If you want to search for a specific package, feed the output of rpm -qa to the grep command. For example, to see all packages with kernel in their names, type rpm -qa | grep kernel The result depends on what parts of the kernel RPMs are installed on a system. You can query much more than a package’s version number with the rpm -q command. By adding single-letter options, you can find out other useful information. For example, try the following command to see the files in the cups package: rpm -ql cups Here are a few more useful forms of the rpm -q commands to query informa- tion about a package (to use any of these rpm -q commands, type the com- mand, followed by the package name): ✦ rpm -qc: Lists all configuration files in a package. ✦ rpm -qd: Lists all documentation files in a package. These are usually the online manual pages (also known as man pages). ✦ rpm -qf: Displays the name of the package (if any) to which a specified file belongs. ✦ rpm -qi: Displays detailed information about a package, including ver- sion number, size, installation date, and a brief description. ✦ rpm -ql: Lists all the files in a package. For some packages, you see a very long list. ✦ rpm -qs: Lists the state of all files in a package (the state of a file can be one of the following: normal, not installed, or replaced). TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine ! 425 Working with RPM FilesThese rpm commands provide information about installed packages only. If Book Vyou want to find information about an uninstalled RPM file, add the letter p Chapter 4to the command-line option of each command. For example, to view the listof files in the RPM file named rdist-6.1.5-792.i586.rpm, go to the direc- Installing and Applicationstory where that file is located and then type the following command: Updatingrpm -qpl rdist-*.rpmOf course, this command works only if the current directory contains thatRPM file.Two handy rpm -q commands enable you to find out which RPM file pro-vides a specific file and which RPMs need a specified package. To find outthe name of the RPM that provides a file, use the following command:rpm -q --whatprovides filenameFor example, to see which RPM provides the file /etc/vsftpd.conf, typerpm -q --whatprovides /etc/vsftpd.confRPM then prints the name of the package that provides the file, like this:vsftpd-1.2.1-69If you provide the name of a package instead of a filename, RPM displays thename of the RPM package that contains the specified package.On the other hand, to find the names of RPMs that need a specific package,use the following command:rpm -q --whatrequires packagenameFor example, to see which packages need the openssl package, typerpm -q --whatrequires opensslThe output from this command shows all the RPM packages that need theopenssl package.Installing an RPMTo install an RPM, use the rpm -i command. You have to provide the nameof the RPM file as the argument. If you want to view the progress of the RPMinstallation, use rpm -ivh. A series of hash marks (#) displays as the pack-age is unpacked. TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine !426 Working with RPM Files For example, to install the kernel-source RPM (which contains the source files for the Linux operating system) for Fedora Core from the companion DVD-ROM, I insert the DVD and after it’s mounted, I type the following commands: cd /mnt/cdrom/Fedora/RPMS rpm -ivh kernel-source* You don’t have to type the full RPM filename — you can use a few characters from the beginning of the name followed by an asterisk (*). Make sure you type enough of the name to identify the RPM file uniquely. If you try to install an RPM that’s already installed, the rpm -i command dis- plays an error message. For example, here is what happens when I type the following command to install the man package on my sys ...