Mental health aspects of women's reproductive health

The World Health Organization and the United Nations Population Fund in collaboration with theKey Centre for Women’s Health in Society, in the School of Population Health at the University ofMelbourne, Australia are pleased to present this joint publication of available evidence on the intricaterelationship between women’s mental and reproductive health. The review comprises the most recentinformation on the ways in which mental health concerns intersect with women’s reproductive health. Itincludes a discussion of the bio-psycho-social factors that increase vulnerability to poor mental health,those that might be protective and the types of programmes that could mitigate adverse effects and promotemental health....
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Mental health aspects of women’s reproductive healthMental health aspects of women’sreproductive healthA global review of the literatureMental health aspects of women’sreproductive healthA global review of the literatureWHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication DataMental health aspects of women’s reproductive health : a global review of the literature1.Mental health. 2.Mental disorders - complications. 3.Reproductive health services. 4.Reproductivebehavior. 5.Women. I.World Health Organization. II.United Nations Population Fund.ISBN 978 92 4 156356 7 (NLM classification: WA 309)© World Health Organization 2009All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, WorldHealth Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publica-tions – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at theabove address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: permissions@who.int).The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expres-sion of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal statusof any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers orboundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be fullagreement.The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are en-dorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature thatare not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished byinitial capital letters.All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the informationcontained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of anykind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies withthe reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. ContentsAcknowledgements vForeword viiChapter 1 Overview of key issues 1 The global burden of reproductive ill-health 2 Researchers’ views 3 Women’s views 4 Focus and framework of the current review 4 Reproductive rights 4 Gender, rights and reproductive mental health 5Chapter 2 Pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period 8 Mental health and maternal mortality 9 Maternal deaths by inflicted violence 11 Mental health and antenatal morbidity 12 Mental health and postpartum morbidity 15 Biological risk factors for postpartum depression 18 Psychosocial risk factors for postpartum depression 18 Maternal mental health, infant development and the mother-infant relationship 27 Summary 30Chapter 3 Psychosocial aspects of fertility regulation 44 Contraceptive use and mental health 45 Mental health and elective abortion 51 Summary 59Chapter 4 Spontaneous pregnancy loss 67 Mental health and spontaneous pregnancy loss 67 Medical treatment of spontaneous pregnancy loss 71 Summary 74Chapter 5 Menopause 79 Mental health and the perimenopausal period 79 Menopause: a time of increased risk for poor mental health 81 Well-being in midlife and the importance of the life course 84 S ...