Network+ Certification (Outline) - Chapter 9: TCP/IP routing

Chapter summary: DHCP assigns IP addresses by using automatic, manual, or dynamic allocation; DNS resolves host and domain names into IP addresses; WINS resolves NetBIOS names into IP addresses; ping tests whether one computer running TCP/IP can communicate with another computer on the network;...and other contents.
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Network+ Certification (Outline) - Chapter 9: TCP/IP routing Chapter 9, TCP/IP Routing|1| Chapter Overview A. Routing Principles B. Building Routing Tables Chapter 9, Lesson 1 Routing Principles|2| 1. Understanding Routing A. A router is a system connected to two or more networks that forwards packets from one network to another. B. Routers operate at the network layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model. C. Routers can connect networks running different data-link layer protocols and different network media. D. On large internetworks, each network often has more than one router connected to it. 1. Redundant routers provide multiple routes to the same destination. E. One of a router’s primary functions is to select the most efficient route to a destination.|3| 1. In most cases, the most efficient route is the one with the fewest hops. F. Routers share information about the networks they are attached to with other routers in the immediate vicinity. 1. Routers develop a composite picture of the internetwork by using this method. 2. On a large internetwork such as the Internet, no single router possesses an image of the entire network.|4| 2. Router Products A. Routers can be stand-alone hardware products or regular computers. B. Routing capabilities in operating systems 1. Microsoft Windows 2000, Microsoft Windows NT, and Novell NetWare can route IP traffic between two networks. a. To route IP, you must install two network interface adapters, connect them to different networks, and configure the computer to act as a router. b. A computer with two or more network interfaces is called a multihomed system. 2. Microsoft Windows 95, Microsoft Windows 98, and Microsoft Windows Me cannot route IP traffic between two network interface adapters on their own. a. You can use these operating systems as dial-in servers to access a network from a remote location using the NetBIOS Extended User Interface (NetBEUI) or Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol. 3. Windows 2000, Windows Me, and Windows 98 Second Edition include Internet Connection Sharing (ICS). a. ICS enables other computers on the local area network (LAN) to access the Internet through one computer’s dial-up connection to an Internet service provider (ISP). b. Some third-party software products provide Internet connection sharing capabilities. (1) These products are software routers that enable your computer to forward packets between the local network and the network run by your ISP. 4. Each network interface in an IP router must have its own IP address appropriate for the network it is attached to. C. Hardware routers 1. A stand-alone router is a hardware device that is essentially a special- purpose computer. 2. The router has multiple built-in network interface adapters, a processor, and memory in which it stores its routing information and temporary packet buffers. 3. Routers are available in a wide range of prices and with a variety of capabilities. 3. Routing Tables A. The routing table holds the information that the router uses to forward packets to the proper destinations. 1. Not only routers have routing tables; every Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) system also has a routing table.|5| B. Direct route 1. A direct route is when a computer running TCP/IP transmits a packet to a destination on the local network. 2. In a direct route, the data-link layer Destination Address and the Destination IP Address in the IP header refer to the same computer. C. Indirect route 1. An indirect route is when a computer running TCP/IP transmits a ...