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New English File Pre-Intermediate (2005) SB

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The biological changes underlying the transition process from gingival health to early inflammatory changes involve local increase in vascular permeability, edema and the recruitment and activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) (Delima and Van Dyke 2003). Acquired immune response becomes involved once antigen-presenting cells interact with immunocompetent cells, such as T and B lymphocytes, leading to the expansion of antibody-secreting plasma cells and the development of the chronic lesion (Gemmell and Seymour 2004). Bacterial–host interactions at the biofilm–periodontium interface trigger the synthesis of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators that promote the release of enzymes and bone-associated molecules that finally induce the alterations of the connective tissue metabolism and the destruction...
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New English File Pre-Intermediate (2005) SB

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