Possible Strategies for Listening Comprehension: Applying the Concepts of Conversational Implicature and Adjacency Pairs to Understand Speaker Intention in the TOEFL Listening Section

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Recently, reflecting the growing needs of young people who intend to become more competent in the English language and plan to go abroad for study and work, not only universities but also more high schools in Japan have started to conduct preparation courses for English proficiency tests such as TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) and TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication), in addition to ordinary English classes. Also, the Ministry of Education, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan (MEXT) has encouraged high schools to enhance students’ communicative competence in foreign language education so that they can...
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Possible Strategies for Listening Comprehension: Applying the Concepts of Conversational Implicature and Adjacency Pairs to Understand Speaker Intention in the TOEFL Listening Section