Project Planning and Control Part 5

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Project Planning and Control Part 521 Subdivision of blocks One major point which requires stressing covers the composition of a string of activities. It has already been mentioned that the site should be divided into blocks which are compatible with the design networks. However, each block could in itself be a very large area and a complex operational unit. It is necessary, therefore, to subdivide each block into logical units. There are various ways of doing this. The subdivision could be by: 1 Similar items of equipment; 2 Trades and disciplines; 3 Geographical proximity; 4 Operational systems; 5 Stages of completion. Each subdivision has its own merits and justifies further examination. 1 Similar items of equipment Here the network shows a series of strings which collect together similar items of equipment, such as pumps, tanks, vessels, boilers, and roads. This is shown in Figure 21.1.Project Planning and Control Cast Align Excavate founds. Hardening Set pump motorPump APump BPump C Construct Construct Erect Erect Erect Excavate base pad tank bott. shell roofTank ATank BTank C Cast Cast Erect Excavate founds. pipes Harden exchanger InsulateExchanger AExchanger BExchanger CFigure 21.1 Similar items of equipmentAdvantages:(a) Equipment items are quickly found;(b) Interface with design network is easily established. 2 Trades and disciplinesThis network groups the work according to type. It is shown in Figure21.2.Advantages:(a) Suitable when it is desirable to clear a trade off the site as soon as completed;(b) Eases resource loading of individual trades. 3 Geographical proximityIt may be considered useful to group together activities which aregeographically close to each other without further segregation into types ortrades. This is shown in Figure 21.3.166 Subdivision of blocksFigure 21.2 Trades and disciplines Excavate Set founds Concrete up AlignPumps A Excavate Set founds Concrete up AlignPumps B Excavate Build Erect founds pier exchanger Test InsulateExchanger Excavate Construct founds base Erect TestVessel Grade Construct Lay area base kerbs ConcreteRoads Level Lay Connect Connect ground Construct sleepers pipe piping pipingPipingFigure 21.3 Geographical proximityAdvantages:(a) Makes a specific area self-contained and eases control;(b) Coincides frequently with natural subdivision on site for construction management. 4 Operational systemsHere the network consists of all the activities associated with a particularsystem such as the boiler plant, the crude oil loading and the quarry crushingand screening. A typical system network is shown in Figure 21.4. 167Project Planning and ControlFigure 21.4 Operational systemAdvantages:(a) Easy to establish and monitor the essential interrelationships of a particular system;(b) Particularly useful when commissioning is carried out by system since a complete ‘package’ can be programmed very easily;(c) Ideal where stage completion is required. 5 Stages of completionIf particular parts of the site have to be completed earlier than others (i.e. ifthe work has to be handed over to the client in well-defined stages), it isessential that each stage is programmed separately. There will, of course, beinterfaces and links with preceding and succeeding stages, but within theseboundaries the network should be self-contained.Advantages:(a) Attention is drawn to activities requiring early completion;(b) Predictions for completion of each stage are made more quickly;(c) Resources can be deployed more efficiently;(d) Temporary shut-off and blanking-off operations can be highlighted.In most cases a site network is in fact a combination of a number of the abovesubdivisions. For example, if the boiler plant and water treatment plant are168 Design and drawing Procurement ...