Project Planning and Control Part 8

Ví dụ trong chương này cho thấy tất cả các công cụ và kỹ thuật được mô tả cho đến nay có thể được tích hợp để cung cấp cho một hệ thống quản lý dự án toàn diện
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Project Planning and Control Part 829Example of integration of tools and techniques The example in this chapter shows how all the tools and techniques described so far can be integrated to give a comprehensive project man- agement system. The project chosen is the design, manufacture and distribution of a proto- type motor car and while the operations and time scales are only indicative and do not purport to represent a real life situation, the examples show how the techniques follow each other in a logical sequence. The prototype motor car being produced is illustrated in Figure 29.1 and the main compo- nents of the engine are shown in Figure 29.2. It will be seen that the letters given to the engine components are the activity identity letters used in planning networks. The following gives an oversight of the main techniques and their most important constituents. As with all projects, the first document to be produced is the Business Case which should also include the chosen option investigated for theProject Planning and ControlFigure 29.1Investment Appraisal. In this exercise, the questions to be asked (andanswered) are shown in Table 29.1. It is assumed that the project requires an initial investment of £60 millionand that over a 5 year period, 60 000 cars (units) will be produced at a cost of£5000 per unit. The assumptions are that the discount rate is 8% and there aretwo options for phasing the manufacture:(a) That the factory performs well for the first two years but suffers some production problems in the next three years (option 1);(b) That the factory has teething problems in the first three years but goes into full production in the last two (option 2). The Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) calculations can be produced for bothoptions as shown in Tables 29.2 and 29.3. To obtain the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), an additional discount rate (inthis case 20%) must be applied to both options. The resulting calculations are290 Example of integration of tools and techniquesFigure 29.2 The parts of an overhead-camshaft engineshown in Tables 29.4 and 29.5 and the graph showing both options is shownin Figure 29.3. This gives an IRR of 20.2% and 15.4%, respectively. It is now necessary to carry out a cash flow calculation for the distributionphase of the cars. To line up with the DCF calculations, two options have tobe examined. These are shown in Tables 29.6 and 29.7 and the graphs inFigures 29.4 and 29.5 for option 1 and option 2, respectively. An additionaloption 2a in which the income in years 2 and 3 is reduced from £65 000K to£55 000K is shown in the cash flow curves of Figure 29.6 All projects carry an element of Risk and it is prudent to carry out a riskanalysis at this stage. The types of risks that can be encountered, the possibleactual risks and the mitigation strategies are shown in Table 29.8. A risk log(or risk register) for five risks is given in Figure 29.7 291Project Planning and ControlTable 29.1Business CaseWhy do we need a new model?What model will it replace?What is the market?Will it appeal to the young, the middle aged, families, the elderly, women, trendies, yobos?How many can we sell per year in the UK, the USA, the EEC and other countries?What is the competition for this type of car and what is their price?Will the car rental companies buy it?What is the max. and min. selling price?What must be the max. manufacturing cost and in what country will it be built?What name shall we give it?Do we have a marketing plan?Who will handle the publicity and advertising?Do we have to train the sales force and maintenance mechanics?What should be the insurance category?What warranties can be given and for how long?What are the main specifications regardingSafety and theft proofing?Engine size (cc) or a number of sizes?Fuel consumption?Emissions (pollution control)?Catalytic converter?Max. speed?Max. acceleration?Size and weight?Styling?Turning circle and ground clearance?What ‘extras’ must be fitted as standard?ABSPower steeringAir bagsElectric windows and roofCruise controlAir conditioningWhat % can be recycledInvestment Appraisal (options)Should it be a Saloon, Coup´ , Estate, People Carrier, Convertible, 4 × 4, Mini? eWill it have existing or newly designed engine?Will it have existing or new platform (chassis)?Do we need a new manufacturing plant or can we build it in an existing one?Should the engine be cast iron or aluminium?Should the body be steel, aluminium or fibreglass?Do we use an existing brand name or dev ...