Sách Read Japanese Today

Đây là giáo trình giúp ghi nhớ những Hán tự từ căn bản đến nâng cao. Thích hợp cho mọi người ở mọi trình độ học. Sách viết dễ hiểu, có hình minh họa nên rất dễ nhớ và giúp bạn nhớ họ và cũng giúp bạn đọc kanji mà bạn không nhìn thấy trước
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Sách Read Japanese Today P ublished by the Charles E. Tuttle Company, inc. of Rutland, Vermont & Tokyo, Japan with editorial offices at Suido 1 - chome, 2-6, Bunkyo-ku, TokyoCopyright in Japan, 1969, by Charles E. Tuttle Co., Inc. All rights reserved Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 69-12078 International S tandard Book No. 0-8048-0496-6 First printing, 1969 Thirty-ninth printing, 1989 Printed in Japan CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6SECTION ONE • INTRODUCTORY . . . . . . . . . 7 What is Japanese writing? How the characters were constructed How Japan borrowed the characters from China How to use this bookSECTION TWO • TEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 300 characters, each pre- sented with its pictorial or- igin, modern meaning, main pronunciations and several examples of how it is usedAPPENDIX I • Some simplified c haracters . . . . . . . . .153APPENDIX I I • The K ANA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 155 A CKNOWLEDGEMENTSI am indebted to Professors Takahashi M akoto, U ehara Akiraand Liu K ang-Shih f or their assistance in preparing this man-uscript, and to Boye De M ente a nd Frank Hudachek for theirinvaluable editorial suggestions. I also wish to thank the AsiaHouse for the research grant which made this book possible. Tokyo, Japan 1966SECTION ONEW HAT IS JAPANESE W RITING? The J apanese w rite t heir l a n g u a g e w ith i deogramsthey borrowed from China nearly two thousand y e a r sago. S ome two thousand years b e f o r e that, the an-cient Chinese had formed these ideograms, or char-a c t e r s , from pictures of things they knew. T o themthe sun had looked l ike this, so t his b ecametheir w r i t t e n w o r d for sun. T h i s f o r m w a s g r a d u a l l ysquared off and simplified to make i t e a s i e r to write,c h a n g i n g i ts s hape to. T h i s is s t i l l t he way theword sun i s w r i t t e n i n b oth C h i n a and J a p a n today. The a n c i e n t C hinese f i r s t d rew a t r e e l ike t his.This w a s also g r a d u a l l y s implified and s q u a r e d to, which b ecame t he w r i t t e n w o r d f o r tree.To f o r m t h e word for root or origin t h e C h i n e s e justdrew i n m o r e r o o t s at the bottom of t h e t r e e to em-phasize t his p ortion of the picture , t hen s quaredand s i m p l i f i e d t he c h a r a c t e r to. T h i s b ecamethe w r i t t e n word for root or origin. When t h e c h a r a c t e r s for sun a n d origina r e put t o g e t h e r in a c o m p o u n d t h e y f o r m t h e w r i t t e n J a p a n , which means l i t e r a l l y o r i g i n -wordof-the-sun. A picture of the sun in t he east at s u n r i s e c oming 9 up behind a tree forms the written word for east A picture of the stone lantern that guardedeach ancient Chinese capital squared off andsimplified to abstract form forms the written word for c apital. T hese two characters put togetherin a c ompound form the written wordEastern-capital, The characters may look mysterious and impene-trable at first approach, but as these examples show,they are not difficult at all to understand. The c h a r -acters are not j ust r andom strokes: each one is a p ic-ture, and has a meaning based on the content of thepicture. The Japanese w r i t t e n language contains a numberof these c h a r a c t e r s , but fortunately not as many asWesterners often a ssume. T o graduate from gram-mar school a student must know 881 c h a r a c t e r s . Atthis p oint he is c onsidered literate. A h igh s choolg r a d u a t e must know 1 ,850. T o read college t e x t -books about three thousand c h a r a c t e r s are necessary. A I I these thousands of c h a r a c t e r s , however, a r ebuilt up from less than 300 elements, or pictures,many of w h i c h a r e seldom used. Once you learn themost f r e q u e n t l y used e lements y ou w i l l n ot only knowa number of the common c h a r a c t e r s , since some of10t he elements are characters themselves, but will beable to learn all the characters simply by r ecom-bining the elements in different patterns. Obviously some of the ...