Tài liệu luyện thi Đại học - READING COMPRENSION SKILLS

Tham khảo tài liệu tài liệu luyện thi đại học - reading comprension skills, tài liệu phổ thông, ôn thi đh-cđ phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả
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Tài liệu luyện thi Đại học - READING COMPRENSION SKILLSTài liệu luyện thi Đại học * READING COMPRENSION SKILLS. Page 1 READING COMPREHENSION SKILLSSkill 1: MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS Almost every reading passage will have a multiple-choice question about the main idea of apassage. Such a question may be worded in a variety of ways; you may, for example, be asked toidentify the topic, subject, title, primary idea, or main idea. It is relatively easy to find the main ideas bystudying the topic sentences, which are most probably found at the beginning of each paragraph. If a passage consists of only one paragraph, you should study the beginning of that paragraph todetermine the main idea.ExampleThe passage: Basketball was invented in 1891 by a physical education instructor in Springfield, Massachusetts,b y the name of James Naismith. Because of terrible weather in winter, his physical education studentswere indoors rather than outdoors. They really did not like the idea of boring, repetitive exercises andpreferred the excitement and challenge of a game. Naismith figured out a team sport that could beplayed indoors on a gymnasium floor, that involved a lot of running, that kept all team membersinvolved, and that did not allow the tackling and physical contact of American style football.The question: What is the topic of this passage? A. The life of James Naismith B. The history of sports C. Physical education and exercise D. The origin of basketball The first sentence of this passage states that basketball was invented, so the invention of basketballis probably the topic. A quick check of the rest of the sentences in the passage confirms that the topic is,in fact, the beginnings of the sport of basketball. Now you should check each of the answers todetermine which one comes closest to the topic that you have determined. Answer A. mentions JamesNaismith but not basketball, so it is not the topic. Answer B. is too general; it mentions sports but doesnot mention basketball. Answer C. is also too general; it mentions physical education but does notmention basketball. The best answer is therefore answer D.: the origin of basketball means that the waythat basketball was invented is going to be discussed. If a passage consists of more than one paragraph, you should study the beginning of each paragraphto determine the main idea. In a passage with more than one paragraph, you should be sure to read thefirst sentence of each paragraph to determine the subject, topic, title, or main idea. The followings outline the key information that you should remember about main idea questions.HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTIONWhat is the topic of the passage? What is the subject of the passage?What is the main idea of the passage? What is the authors main point in the passage?With what is the author primarily concerned? Which of the following would be the b est title?WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWER The answer to this type of question can generally be determined by looking at the first sentenceof each paragraph.HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION1. Read the first line of each paragraph.2. Look for a common theme or idea in the first lines.3. Pass your eyes quickly over the rest of the p assage to check that you have really found the topic sentence(s).4. Eliminate any definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices.Nguyễn Đức Hưng* - Marie Curie High School www.my.opera.com/mrduchungTài liệu luyện thi Đại học * READING COMPRENSION SKILLS. Page 2Skill 2: STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS A stated detail question asks about one piece of information in the passage rather than thepassage as a whole. The answers to these questions are generally given in order in the passage, and thecorrect answer is often a restatement of what is given in the passage this means that the correct answeroften expresses the same idea as what is written in the passage, but the words are not exactly the same.Example:The passage: Flutes have been around for quite some time, in all sorts of shapes and sizes and made from avariety of materials. The oldest known flutes are, about 20,000 years old, they were made fromhollowed-out bones with holes cut in them. In addition to bone, older flutes were often constructed frombamboo or hollowed-out wood. Today flutes are generally made of metal, and in addition to the holes they have a complicatedsystem of keys, levers, and pads. The instrument belonging to well-known flautist James Galway is notjust made of any metal, it is made of gold.The question: According to the passage, the oldest flutes A. had holes cut in them B. were made of metal C. were made 200,000 years ago D. had a complicated set of levers and pads Since this question asks about the oldest flutes, you should see that this question is answered in thesecond sentence. The passage states that the oldest known flutes were bones with holes cut in them, sothe best answer is answer A.. Answers B. and D. are true about todays flutes but not about the oldestflutes, so they are incorrect. Answer C. is an incorrect number; the oldest flutes are 20,000 years old,not 200,000 years old. The followings outline the key information that you should remember about stated detail questions:HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTIONAccording to the passage… It is stated in the passage...The passage indicates that… Which of the following is true...?WHERE TO FIND THE ANSWERThe answers to the questions are found in order in the passage.HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION1. Cho ...