The Gauge Block Handbook by Ted Doiron and John Beers_1

Khoá Máy đo Sổ tay Ted Doiron và John Đo lường Beers Chiều Tập đoàn Cơ khí chính xác Division Viện Tiêu chuẩn và Công nghệ Lời nói đầu Tập đoàn Đo lường chiều, và người tiền nhiệm của nó tạiViện Tiêu chuẩn và Công nghệ Quốc gia (trước đây là Cục Tiêu chuẩn Quốc gia) đã được tham gia trong tài liệu khoa học về hiệu chuẩn khối đo gần như liên tục kể từ khi công việc chuyên đề của Peters và Boyd 1926 [1]...
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The Gauge Block Handbook by Ted Doiron and John Beers_1Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com The Gauge Block Handbook by Ted Doiron and John Beers Dimensional Metrology Group Precision Engineering Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Preface The Dimensional Metrology Group, and its predecessors at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly the National Bureau of Standards) have been involved in documenting the science of gauge block calibration almost continuously since the seminal work of Peters and Boyd in 1926 [1]. Unfortunately, most of this documentation has been in the form of reports and other internal documents that are difficult for the interested metrologist outside the Institute to obtain. On the occasion of the latest major revision of our calibration procedures we decided to assemble and extend the existing documentation of the NIST gauge block calibration program into one document. We use the word assemble rather than write because most of the techniques described have been documented by various members of the Dimensional Metrology Group over the last 20 years. Unfortunately, much of the work is spread over multiple documents, many of the details of the measurement process have changed since the publications were written, and many large gaps in coverage exist. It is our hope that this handbook has assembled the best of the previous documentation and extended the coverage to completely describe the current gauge block calibration process. Many of the sections are based on previous documents since very little could be added in coverage. In particular, the entire discussion of single wavelength interferometry is due to John Beers [2]; the section on preparation of gauge blocks is due to Clyde Tucker [3]; the section on the mechanical comparator techniques is predominantly from Beers and Tucker [4]; and the appendix on drift eliminating designs is an adaptation for dimensional calibrations of the work of Joseph Cameron [5] on weighing designs. They have, however, been rewritten to make the handbook consistent in style and coverage. The measurement assurance program has been extensively modified over the last 10 years by one of the authors (TD), and chapter 4 reflects these changes. We would like to thank Mr. Ralph Veale, Mr. John Stoup, Mrs. Trish Snoots, Mr. Eric Stanfield, Mr. Dennis Everett, Mr. Jay Zimmerman, Ms. Kelly Warfield and Dr. Jack Stone, the members of the Dimensional Metrology Group who have assisted in both the development and testing of the current gauge block calibration system and the production of this document. TD and JSB 1Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com CONTENTS Page Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1. Length 1.1 The meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.2 The inch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2. Gauge blocks 2.1 A short history of gauge blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2 Gauge block standards (U.S.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.2.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.2.2 Nomenclature and definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.2.3 Tolerance grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.2.4 Recalibration requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.3 International standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3. Physical and therm ...