The salt water wetland

Physical characteristics chemistry and geology of the saltwater wetland, microbes and plants producers and decomposers in the saltwater wetland, sponges, cnidarians, and worms the saltwater wetland’s simplest animals,... is the main content of the book The salt water wetland. Invite you to consult.
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The salt water wetland T The Saltwater Wetland Life in the Sea w. Z 7 The Saltwater Wetland Pam Walker and Elaine Wood The Saltwater Wetland Copyright © 2005 by Pam Walker and Elaine Wood All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permis- sion in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Walker, Pam, 1958– The saltwater wetland / Pam Walker and Elaine Wood. p. cm.—(Life in the sea) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-5702-8 (hardcover) 1. Wetland ecology—Juvenile literature. 2. Wetlands—Juvenile literature. I. Wood, Elaine, 1950– II. Title. QH541.5.M3W326 2005 578.769—dc22 2004024224 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text and cover design by Dorothy M. Preston Illustrations by Dale Williams, Sholto Ainslie, and Dale Dyer Printed in the United States of America VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi Z 1. Physical Characteristics: Chemistry and Geology of the Saltwater Wetland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Origins of Estuaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Features of the Estuary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Water Mixing in Estuaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Tides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Sediments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Z 2. Microbes and Plants: Producers and Decomposers in the Saltwater Wetland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Food Chains and Photosynthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Bacteria in the Estuary . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Kingdoms of Living Things . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Protists and Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Plants in the Estuary . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Light and Algal Coloration . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Vascular Plants in the Estuary . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Differences in Terrestrial and Aquatic Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Z 3. Sponges, Cnidarians, and Worms: The Saltwater Wetland’s Simplest Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Sponges in the Estuary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Body Symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Cnidarians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Spawning and Brooding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Comb Jellies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Bioluminescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Worms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...