Thiết kế hệ thống nhúng

Tài liệu tham khảo cho các bạn học chuyên ngành điện tử có tư liệu ôn thi tốt đạt kết quả cao trong các kì thi giữa kì và cuối kì
Nội dung trích xuất từ tài liệu:
Thiết kế hệ thống nhúngUNIVERSITY OF INFORMATIONUNIVERSITYTECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY Embedded System ThS. Le Hoai Nghia nghialh@uit.edu.vn February 2009 Embedded System – p 1/27Spot the Computer Embedded System – p 2/27Hidden Computers Casio Nokia 7110 Sony Camera Browser Playstation 2 Watch Phone Philips Philips DVD Player TiVo Recorder Embedded System – p 3/27TechnicalChallengesReal-time ComplexityConcurrency Legacy Languages Embedded System – p 4/27 Software complexity growingSize of Typical Embedded System1985 13kLOC1989 21 kLOC 44 % per year1998 1 MLOC2000 2MLOC 2008 16 MLOC Windows NT 4.0 2010 32MLOC Windows 2000Source: “ESP: A 10-Year Retrospective,” Embedded Systems Programming, November1998 Embedded System – p 5/27Digital Camera Block Diagram Embedded System – p 6/27The Design Challenge Design optimal device that meets constraints on Price Functionality Performance Size Power Time-to-market Maintainability Safety Embedded System – p 7/27The Time to Market Challenge Typical time-to-market constraint: 8 months Market Window Time Embedded System – p 8/27Simplified Revenue ModelSales Loss due to delay Market ramp On-time curve Delayed curve Time DW 2W Assuming a constant market ramp, on-time revenue is 2 1bh = 1 2 •2W• W = W2 and delayed revenue is1 (2W - D)(W - D) so fractional revenue loss is 2 D(3W - D) = O(D2) 2W2 Example: when W = 26 and D = 10, fraction lost is about 50%. Embedded System – p 9/27NRE Nonrecurring engineering cost: The cost of producing the first one. NRE cost dominates Production cost dominates Low NRE, high production costs High NRE, low production costs log Embedded System – p 10/27Embedded System Technologies Integrated Circuits Processing elements Design tools Embedded System – p 11/27 ICTechnology 1947: First transistor (Shockley, Bell Labs) 1958: First integrated circuit (Kilby, TI) 1971: First microprocessor (4004: Intel) Today: six wire layers, 45 nm features Embedded System – p 12/27Moore’s Law Gordon Moore, 1965: Exponential growth in the number of transistors per IC Source: Intel Embedded System – p 13/27$1000buys you this many CPS Electromechanical Tube Transistor Integrated Circuit Relay 10 8 10 6 10 4 10 2 110-210-4 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 Source: Ray Kurzweil, The Age of Spiritual000 2 Machines Embedded System – p 14/271918 Sears Roebuck Catalog About $100 in today’s dollars. From Donald Norman, The Invisible Computer, 1998. Embedded System – p 15/27Spectrum of IC choices You choose Flexibility polygons (Intel) Full Custom circuit (Sony) ASIC wires Gate Array logic network FPGA logic function PLD program (e.g., Pentium) GP Processor program (e.g., DSP) SP Processor settings (e.g., Ethernet) part number (e.g., 74LS00) Multifunction Fixed-function Embedded System – p 16/27Hardware and Software Hardware Software Parallel Sequential Synchron ...