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Làm thế nào để các nhà văn tổ chức các ý tưởng của họ? Bạn có thể muốn suy nghĩ của một nhà văn như là một kiến trúc sư. Xây dựng đều có một số phòng. Nhưng làm thế nào các phòng được bố trí kiến trúc sư. Cũng vậy với một phần viết câu và ý tưởng được sắp xếp hoàn toàn nhà văn.
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Third Grade Reading Comprehension Success_4
Structure
N ow that you’ve covered the basics, you can begin to focus on one specific
reading comprehension strategy: structure. How do writers organize their
ideas?
You might want to think of a writer as an architect. Every building has a number of
rooms. But how these rooms are arranged is up to the architect. The same goes for a piece
of writing—how the sentences and ideas are arranged is entirely up to the writer. How-
ever, most architects—and most writers—generally follow certain patterns, not because
they can’t think on their own, but because these patterns work. In this section, you’ll study
four organizational patterns that work for writers:
1. Chronological order
2. Order of importance
3. Compare and contrast
4. Cause and effect
You’ll learn to recognize these patterns and some of the reasons why writers use them.
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Start from the
LESSON
6 Beginning:
Chronological
Order
LESSON SUMMARY
This lesson focuses on one of the simplest structures writers use:
chronological order, or arrangement of events by the order in which they
occured.
T here are many ways to tell a story. Some stories start in the middle and flash backward to the begin-
ning; a few start at the end and tell the story in reverse. But most of the time, stories start at the
beginning. Writers often begin with what happened first and then tell what happened next, and next,
and so on, until the end. When writers tell a story in this order, from beginning to end in the order in which things
happened, they are telling it in chronological order. Chronology is the arrangement of events in the order in which
they occurred.
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– START FROM THE BEGINNING: CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER –
C hronology and Transitions Employee. Finally, President Lucas ended the cere-
mony by giving everyone a bonus check for $100.
Much of what you read is arranged in chronological
The underlined words—first, second, then, when,
order. Newspaper and magazine articles, minutes of
afterward, third, and finally—are transitional words
meetings, explanations of procedures, and so on are
that keep these events linked together in chronological
usually arranged this way. For example, look at the fol-
order. Look at how the paragraph sounds without these
lowing paragraph that might be found in a company
words:
newsletter:
This year’s employee award ceremony was a tremen-
This year’s employee award ceremony was a tremen-
dous success. The award was given to Carlos Fe for
dous success. The first award was given to Carlos Fe
Perfect Attendance. The award for Most Dedicated
for Perfect Attendance. The second award, for Most
Employee went to Jennifer Steele. Our president,
Dedicated Employee, went to Jennifer Steele. Then,
Martin Lucas, interrupted the awards ceremony to
our president, Martin Lucas, interrupted the awards
announce that he and his wife were having a baby.
ceremony to announce that he and his wife were
He finished; everyone stood up for a congratula-
having a baby. When he finished, everyone stood up
tory toast. The award was given to Karen Hunt for
for a congratulatory toast. Afterward, the third
Most Inspiring Employee. President Lucas ended
award was given to Karen Hunt for Most Inspiring
...