Third Grade Reading Comprehension Success_9

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Third Grade Reading Comprehension Success_9 LESSON Emotional18 Versus Logical Appeals LESSON SUMMARY Writers often appeal to your emotions to try to persuade you of some- thing. But unless they also provide logical evidence to back up their claims, you have no reason to accept their argument as valid. This les- son helps you see how to distinguish between appeals to your emo- tions and appeals to your sense of reason.I magine that you are about to do something when someone runs up to you and says, “You can’t do that!” “Why not?” you ask. “Because! You just can’t, that’s all.” Now, “Because!” is not likely to convince you that you shouldn’t do what you were about to do, is it?Why not? Well, “Because!” does not provide you with a reason for not doing what you wanted to do. It is not, there-fore, a very convincing argument. 131 – EMOTIONAL VERSUS LOGICAL APPEALS – T he Difference between D istinguishing between Logical and Emotional Appeals Logical and Emotional AppealsWhen writers want to convince people of something or The best way to see the difference between logical andinfluence them to think a certain way, they generally emotional appeals is to look at some examples. Activelyrely on two means of persuasion: appealing to the read the passages that follow, trying to discern whetherreader’s sense of logic and appealing to the reader’s the author is appealing primarily to your sense of rea-emotions. It is important to be able to distinguish son or to your emotions.between these two types of appeal because when writ-ers rely only on appeals to emotion, they neglect to Practice Passage 1provide any real evidence for why you should believe The City Council of Ste. Jeanne should rejectwhat they say. Writers who rely solely on emotional mandatory recycling. First, everyone knows thatappeals usually hope to get their readers so angry, recycling doesn’t really accomplish very much andscared, or excited that they will forget to look for rea- that people who support it are mostly interested inson or sense in the argument. making themselves feel better about the environ- Unfortunately, many readers aren’t aware of this ment. They see more and more road constructionstrategy, so they may accept arguments that are and fewer and fewer trees and buy into the notionunfounded, manipulative, or both. Political leaders that sending bottles and cans to a recycling plantwho use the emotional strategy in speaking to crowds are rather than a landfill will reverse the trend. Unfortu-called demagogues. Calling a leader a demagogue is no nately, that notion is no more than wishful thinking.compliment since it means that he or she relies on prej- Second, the proponents of mandatory recy-udice and passion rather than clear thinking to per- cling are the same people who supported the city’ssuade people of his or her position. Sound reasoning disastrous decision to require an increase in therequires that you are able to look beyond emotional number of public bus routes. After the mayor spentappeals to determine if there is any logic behind them. hundreds of thousands of dollars for the new buses and for street signs, bus shelters, and schedules, we all quickly learned that there was little to no interest Logical: according to reason; according to in using public transportation among the people for whom the new routes were intended. Mandatory conclusions drawn from evidence or good recycling would add yet another chapter to the book common sense Emotional: relating to emotions; arousing or of wasteful government programs. Finally, I’d like every citizen to answer this exhibiting strong emotion question in the privacy of his or her own heart: ...