tiếng anh công nghệ ô tô và chế tạo máy: phần 2

phần 2 cuốn sách trình bày các nội dung: keeping your fuel system in tune, changing your oil, slubrication extends the life of your vehicle, what to do if your transmission stops running smoothly, being a buddy to your brakes and bearings,... mời các bạn cùng tham khảo.
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tiếng anh công nghệ ô tô và chế tạo máy: phần 2 302 you can pull it o ff the plug. The shiny thing sticking out of the e n g in e block is the term inal o f the spark plug. Figure 12-10, later in this chapter, shows you all the parts of a spark plug, including the term inal. 2. Use a nice soft rag or a sm all paint brush to clean around the area w here the spark plug enters the block - or you can blow the dirt away w ith a soda straw. D oing so keeps loose junk from falling down the hole into the cylinder w hen the plug is rem oved. 3. Find your spark plug socket (the big one with the rubber lining) and place it dow n over the spark plug; exert some pressure w hile turning it slightly to be sure that it's all the way down. Like everything else in auto repair, don’t be afraid to use som e strength. But do it in an even, controlled manner. If you bang or je rk things, you can dam age them , but you’ll never get anyw here if you tippy-toe around. 4. Pick up your ratchet handle and stick the square end into the square hole in the spark-plug socket. I f you can w ork m ore com fortably by adding a couple of extensions betw een the handle and the socket so that you can move the handle freely from side to side without hit­ ting anything, go ahead. You add them in the same way you added the socket to the handle. (If you have trouble with gpttinp the plug loose, see the “ D ealing with difficult plugs” section, w hich follow s, for encouragem ent.) The little knob on the back o f the ratchet handle makes the ratchet turn the socket either clockw ise or counter­ clockw ise) You can tell w hich way the handle will turn the plug by listening to the clicks that the handle m akes when you m ove it in one direction. If it clicks w hen you move it to the right, it will turn the socket counterclockw ise when you m ove it, silen tly, to the left. If the clicks are audible on 303 the leftward swing, it will move the socket clockwise on the rightward swing. Every screw, nut, bolt, and so on that you encounter should loosen counterclockwise and tighten clockwise. If your ratchet clicks in the wrong direction, just move that little knob to reverse the direction. Figure 12-9 shows you the proper way to use a socket wrench, and the sidebar “Breaking loose old plugs and m isconceptions” tells you how to handle difficult plugs. 5. Loosen the spark plug by turning it counterclockwise. When the ratchet turns freely, finish the job by rem oving the ratchet handle and turning the socket by hand until the plug is free from .the engine. After you’ve rem oved the spark plug from the engine, re­ move the plug from the socket. But don’t go on to the next plug until you’ve read the plug (see the section “Reading your spark plugs” and Table 12-1) and gapped and replaced it, follow ing the instructions later in this chapter. Dealing with difficult plugs W ith all the stuff crammed under the hoods o f vehicles, it can be hard to get at some spark plugs and, even when you can reach 304 them easily, they may be difficult to remove. This section provides tips on extracting your spark plugs with a minimum o f hassle. A lm ost every vehicle has at least one plug that’s a miser­ able th in g to reach. If you have one, save it for last. Then you can work on it with the satisfaction o f know ing that, when you get the darn thing finished, you will have finished the job. If you find that one or more plugs are blocked by an air conditioner or som e other part, try using various ratchet handle extensions to get around the problem . There are universal ex­ tensions that allow the ratchet handle to be held at odd angles; T-bar handles for better leverage; and offset handles for hard- to-reach places. (See C hapter 2 for exam ples.) On som e vehicles, you can’t get at the plugs until you re­ move other parts that are in the way. On som e transverse en­ gines, you have to rem ove the top engine m ount bolts by the radiator so that you can tilt the engine forw ard to replace the rear spark plugs. And on other engines, it m ay be easier to get to som e spark plugs from underneath or through the wheel well area. On som e sm all cars equipped with optional big engines, you have to hoist the entire engine out o f the car to reach at least one plug. I f you have one o f these beasts, I bet that when you finally get that plug out, you’ll find that it’s never been replaced during all the professional tune-ups you’ve paid for. And you’ve paid even m ore because that one funky plug probably not only increased your fuel consum ption but also added to air pollution. Both you and your car should be glad to get rid o f it! I f you absolutely cannot reach the offending plug, you can always drive to your service station and hum bly ask them to change just that one plug. T hey w on’t like it, but it is a last resort. If you get to that point, you’ll probably be glad to pay to have it done. But do try very hard first. I f you ca n ’t get to the plug in the ordinary way, go under, over, around, or through 305 gaps in the thing that’s blocking it. Or get someone to help you move w hat’s in the way (but be sure that you can get it back in place correctly). Use your imagination; it’s the only hard part of the job. And you won’t have to do it again for a long time. If you’re lucky enough to own a car without air conditioning, power steering, power brakes, and so on, chances are much greater that all your plugs will be easy to get at. Think it over next time you’re tempted to buy a vehicle with al ...