Unit 11: CONDITIONALS

The if-clause usually comes first, but it can come after the main clause. And a comma between the clauses is more likely when the if-clause comes first.Ex: If I hear any news, I’ll tell you. / I’ll tell you if I hear any news.In the if-clause of the first conditional, we can use:The present continuous to talk about an action going on nowEx: If they’re having a party, it’ll be noisy. (Now, they may be having a party or not.)
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Unit 11: CONDITIONALS Unit 11: CONDITIONALS I. Form: FORMCONDITIONAL EXAMPLE Conditional Clause Main Clause If you heat water, it boils.Zero Conditional If + Present Simple + Present Simple + Will/ can/ may,… + bare-infFirst Conditional If + Present Simple If he drops it, it will/can break.Second If I had a lot of money, I If + Past Simple + Would/ could/ might + bare-infConditional would/ could/might buy a car.Third + Would have/ could have/ might If it hadn’t rained, we would If + Past PerfectConditional have + P.P have gone picnic.  Notes: 1. The if-clause usually comes first, but it can come after the main clause. And a comma between the clauses is more likely when the if-clause comes first. Ex: If I hear any news, I’ll tell you. / I’ll tell you if I hear any news. 2.  In the if-clause of the first conditional, we can use:  The present continuous to talk about an action going on now Ex: If they’re having a party, it’ll be noisy. (Now, they may be having a party or not.)  The present perfect to emphasize a finished action Ex: If you’ve finished your homework, I’ll let you go out. (You finish your homework completely. I’ll let you go out.)  Should + bare infinitive to indicate a little more uncertainty Ex: If I should see him, I’ll ask him to ring you. (I’m not sure that I might see him or not.)  Will: - To make a request Ex: If you will just wait a moment, I’ll find someone to help you. (= Please wait a moment, ...) - For an action happening later than the action in the main clause Ex: If this medicine will make me better, I’ll take it. (I may take this medicine. Then it make me better.)  In the main clause of the first conditional, we can use imperative to give commands. Ex: Turn on the heat if you feel cold. 3. In the second conditional:  We can use the past continuous in the if-clause to express an action not going on now. Ex: If they were living in Japan, they’d work at the bark. (Now, they aren’t living in Japan.)  We usually use were instead of was. Ex: - If I were better qualified, I would get a good job. (If I were: more formal) - If I was better qualified, I would get a good job. (If I was: less formal) 4. With “should” (in type 1), “were” (in type 2), “had + P.P” (in type 3), we can invert the subject and verb, and leave out “if”. Ex: - Should anyone call, please take a massage. (= If anyone should call, please take a massage.) - Were I you, I wouldn’t do that. (= If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.) 1- Had I known, I would have told you. (= If I had known, I would have told you.) 2 II. Uses:1. Zero Conditional:  To talk about general truths or scientific factsEx: If water boils, it changes into steam. (It’s a scientific fact.)  To instructEx: The machine switches off if you press this button.2. First Conditional:  To talk about present or future possibilitiesEx: If it doesn’t rain, well go to the cinema. (= It may rain or it may not)  To give commands or suggestionsEx: - Call me if you need some help. - If you feel like seeing the sights, we can take a bus tour.  To warn and threatenEx: - If you don’t do exercise regularly, you’ll be fat. - If you don’t leave immediately, I’ll call the police.3. Second Conditional:  To talk about something unreal or imaginary situations in the present or futureEx: If I had enough money, I would buy a car. (Now, I don’t have enough money.)  To give advice with “If I were you,…”/ ”If I were in your position,…”Ex: - If I were you, I would go to see a doctor. (You should go to see a doctor.) - If I were your position, I would not lend this house. (You shouldn’t lend this house.)4. Third Conditional:  To talk about something unreal or imaginary situations in the ...