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Xây dựng tầng hầm sâu và quy mô lớn các cấu trúc ngầm.Ví dụ về các cấu trúc dưới lòng đất. Tầng hầm của các tòa nhà. Bán tầng hầm với mục đích ổn định độ dốc. Người đi bộ, giao thông vận tải tàu điện ngầm tiện nghi như nhà ga đường sắt, đường hầm...Ổn định mặt bằng quy định. Sắp xếp khai quật. Bố trí thoát nước. Sắp xếp loại bỏ hư hỏng. Bố trí xây dựng tầng hầm...
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Xây dựng tầng hầmBasement ConstructionPart I –General understanding aboutthe Construction of BasementConstruction of Deep Basement andLarge-sized Underground StructuresExamples of underground structures Basement of buildings Semi-basement with slope stabilization purpose Transport facilities such as railway station, tunnel and pedestrian subway Access or services shaftConstruction of Deep Basement andLarge-sized Underground StructuresInvolvement/provision when constructing these structures Ground stabilization provisions Cut-off walling provisions Lateral soil support provisions Excavation arrangement Dewatering arrangement Spoil removal arrangement Basement construction arrangement Ground stabilization and cut-off provisions Soldier pile wall constructed as a means of cut-off wallingGrouting as acommon form of soilstabilization methodTwo means of lateral support for excavation Using steel strut Using ground anchorExcavation arrangement Excavation in benched arrangement for open siteExcavation in sectionas in congested site Dewatering arrangement Passive dewatering method using sump pitActive dewatering methodusing suction type well point Soil removal arrangement Removal of spoil using excavating machine placed on staged platformRemoval of excavatedspoil using grab mountedon gantry craneMethods for basement constructionBasement or similar underground structures can be constructed using the following approaches:1. Open cut arrangement2. Bottom-up arrangement3. Top-down arrangement Construction of basement using open-cut approach - suitable for site with abandon of unobstructed working spaceOpen-cut arrangement forthe Kowloon Station ofthe Airport RailwayConstruction of basement using Bottom-upapproach - suitable for basement of small to medium sizeThe Witness of the Christ Church project in Kowloon Tong Construction of basement using Bottom-up approachTypical arrangementshown in sectionConstruction of basement using Top-down approach- suitable for basement of very large size with complex environment Typical Top-down arrangement as in Pioneer Center (left) and Cheung Kong Center projectsConstruction of basement using Top-down approach Typical arrangement shown in sectionCompare the features of variousbasement construction methodsOther consideration Phasing and sectioning arrangement especially for large-sized project Schedule for temporary works submission Teething arrangement with other related works Availability of equipment and resources Quality standard especially for concrete performance and watertightness Safety provision Progress monitoringPart II –Other Technological & ManagerialConstruction for the Constructionof Basement within extremelydifficult urban environmentAttributes that affect the construction of deep basement: Size of a site Volume of work Shape and Typographical conditions of site Neighbourhood conditions of a site Geotechnical conditions Internal layout of the basement or other related structures Availability of resources for the project Availability of expertise skill Appropriateness of the methods selected for the construction Examples of projects – working in close proximity of sensitive and unstable slopeHollywoodTerrace Belcher’s Garden