báo cáo hóa học: Immunological considerations of modern animal models of malignant primary brain tumors

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về hóa học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học quốc tế đề tài : Immunological considerations of modern animal models of malignant primary brain tumors
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báo cáo hóa học:" Immunological considerations of modern animal models of malignant primary brain tumors"Journal of Translational Medicine BioMed Central Open AccessReviewImmunological considerations of modern animal models ofmalignant primary brain tumorsMichael E Sughrue, Isaac Yang, Ari J Kane, Martin J Rutkowski, Shanna Fang,C David James and Andrew T Parsa*Address: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USAEmail: Michael E Sughrue - Mes261@columbia.edu; Isaac Yang - Yangi@neurosurg.ucsf.edu; Ari J Kane - Ari.Kane@ucsf.edu;Martin J Rutkowski - martin.rutkowski@gmail.com; Shanna Fang - Shanna.fang@ucsf.edu; C David James - david.james@ucsf.edu;Andrew T Parsa* - Parsaa@neurosurg.ucsf.edu* Corresponding authorPublished: 8 October 2009 Received: 8 July 2009 Accepted: 8 October 2009Journal of Translational Medicine 2009, 7:84 doi:10.1186/1479-5876-7-84This article is available from: http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/7/1/84© 2009 Sughrue et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0),which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Recent advances in animal models of glioma have facilitated a better understanding of biological mechanisms underlying gliomagenesis and glioma progression. The limitations of existing therapy, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have prompted numerous investigators to search for new therapeutic approaches to improve quantity and quality of survival from these aggressive lesions. One of these approaches involves triggering a tumor specific immune response. However, a difficulty in this approach is the the scarcity of animal models of primary CNS neoplasms which faithfully recapitulate these tumors and their interaction with the hosts immune system. In this article, we review the existing methods utilized to date for modeling gliomas in rodents, with a focus on the known as well as potential immunological aspects of these models. As this review demonstrates, many of these models have inherent immune system limitations, and the impact of these limitations on studies on the influence of pre-clinical therapeutics testing warrants further attention. the modest effect of these therapies, and their associatedThe Potential Promise of Immunotherapy for morbidity, has left investigators in search of alternativePrimary Brain TumorsPrimary central nervous system (CNS) malignancies, and novel treatments to extend quantity and quality of lifethough of low incidence in relation to many adult solid for affected patients [1].tumors, represent a disproportionately large fraction ofcancer deaths due to their highly aggressive and fatal char- The nearly infinite flexibility and remarkable cellular spe-acter. For example, Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), the cificity of the human immune response makes immunemost common and malignant brain tumor of adults, car- based approaches an attractive option to current therapy,ries a median survival of less than 1 year. While current which either crudely target entire regions of the brain (e.g.approaches to brain tumor therapy, including surgical surgery, radiation), or potentially interfere with the cellu-resection, radiotherapy, and either systemic or local chem- lar metabolism of all dividing cells in the body (e.g.otherapy with either nitrosoureas or temozolamide, alkylating agents). However, immunotherapy is not with-appear to prolong survival for patients with CNS cancers, out technical barriers, which have hindered its incorpora- Page 1 of 9 ...