báo cáo hóa học: More insights into the immunosuppressive potential of tumor exosomes

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về hóa học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học quốc tế đề tài :More insights into the immunosuppressive potential of tumor exosomes
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báo cáo hóa học:" More insights into the immunosuppressive potential of tumor exosomes"Journal of Translational Medicine BioMed Central Open AccessEditorialMore insights into the immunosuppressive potential of tumorexosomesVeronica Huber1, Paola Filipazzi1, Manuela Iero1, Stefano Fais2 andLicia Rivoltini*1Address: 1Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy and 2Department of DrugResearch and Evaluation, Anti-Tumor Drugs Section, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, ItalyEmail: Veronica Huber - veronica.huber@istitutotumori.mi.it; Paola Filipazzi - paola.filipazzi@istitutotumori.mi.it;Manuela Iero - manuela.iero@istitutotumori.mi.it; Stefano Fais - Stefano.fais@iss.it; Licia Rivoltini* - licia.rivoltini@istitutotumori.mi.it* Corresponding authorPublished: 30 October 2008 Received: 24 October 2008 Accepted: 30 October 2008Journal of Translational Medicine 2008, 6:63 doi:10.1186/1479-5876-6-63This article is available from: http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/6/1/63© 2008 Huber et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0),which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.We did read with great interest the recent review pub- about the role of exosomes in antigen presentation, thelished by Ichim et al on the potential role of tumor exo- exacerbated production of these vesicles by tumor cellssomes as immune escape mechanism [1], and we were was initially welcomed as a process potentially involvedpleased to see that the authors shared our original idea in the induction and maintenance of tumor immunity [9].that these organelles may represent a crucial tool of Indeed, the expression of a large panel of tumor proteinsimmunosuppression in cancer [2,3]. Indeed, although with antigenic properties, like MelanA/Mart-1 and gp100tumor cells are well acknowledged to affect immune func- in melanoma-derived exosomes, and CEA and HER2 intions through the release of diverse soluble factors or cell- exosomes produced by carcinoma cells [9-11], supportedto-cell contact mediated mechanisms [4,5], the involve- the role of these organelles as cell-free source of tumorment of alternative pathways based on the secretion of antigens for T cell priming and paved the way to clinicalmembrane microvesicles has been so far largely unappre- trials based on vaccination with tumor exosomes inciated [6]. Exosomes are endosome-derived organelles of patients with advanced disease [12].50–100 nm size, actively secreted by virtually all cell typesthrough an exocytosis pathway that is used under normal However, following studies from several groups includingas well as pathological conditions [6]. Their first descrip- ours have progressively suggested that these vesicles,tion can be attributed to the biochemist Rose Johnstone, being close replicas of the originating cancer cells, couldwho reported in her 1980s investigations about these transport not only antigenic material but also moleculeslipid-encased particles produced as a mechanism for shed- responsible for the detrimental effects exerted by tumording of specific membrane functions during reticulocyte cells on the immune system [6,13,14].maturation [7]. Since then, these curious microvesicleslingered in obscurity, although several reports kept refer- As most researchers, we entered the exosome field byring to exosomes as potential pathway utilized by differ- chance, in the course of studies on FasL as tumor immuneent cell types to eliminate cellular material or establish escape mechanism in human cancer. Indeed, despite theintercellular cross-talk [8]. Finally in 1996 these micropar- first report on the expression of FasL by melanoma [15],ticles were recognized for their central role in antigen pres- we could not succeed in detecting stable membrane ...