báo cáo hóa học: The cancer secretome: a reservoir of biomarkers

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về hóa học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học quốc tế đề tài :The cancer secretome: a reservoir of biomarkers
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báo cáo hóa học:" The cancer secretome: a reservoir of biomarkers"Journal of Translational Medicine BioMed Central Open AccessReviewThe cancer secretome: a reservoir of biomarkersHua Xue1, Bingjian Lu2 and Maode Lai*1Address: 1Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, PR China and 2Department of Surgical & Cellular Pathology, theAffiliated Womens Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, PR ChinaEmail: Hua Xue - snowhh@163.com; Bingjian Lu - lbjsrrsh@hotmail.com; Maode Lai* - lmp@zju.edu.cn* Corresponding authorPublished: 17 September 2008 Received: 24 August 2008 Accepted: 17 September 2008Journal of Translational Medicine 2008, 6:52 doi:10.1186/1479-5876-6-52This article is available from: http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/6/1/52© 2008 Xue et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0),which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Biomarkers are pivotal for cancer detection, diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring. However, currently available cancer biomarkers have the disadvantage of lacking specificity and/or sensitivity. Developing effective cancer biomarkers becomes a pressing and permanent need. The cancer secretome, the totality of proteins released by cancer cells or tissues, provides useful tools for the discovery of novel biomarkers. The focus of this article is to review the recent advances in cancer secretome analysis. We aim to elaborate the approaches currently employed for cancer secretome studies, as well as its applications in the identification of biomarkers and the clarification of carcinogenesis mechanisms. Challenges encountered in this newly emerging field, including sample preparation, in vivo secretome analysis and biomarker validation, are also discussed. Further improvements on strategies and technologies will continue to drive forward cancer secretome research and enable development of a wealth of clinically valuable cancer biomarkers. mation about a particular cancer and show their ever-IntroductionCancer remains the major devastating disease throughout increasing importance in early detection and diagnosis ofthe world. It is estimated that cancers are responsible for cancer [5-8].over 6 million lives per year worldwide with an annual 10million or more new cases. In developing countries, can- Over the past several decades, enormous efforts have beencers are the second most common cause of death, which made to screen and characterize useful cancer biomarkers.comprise 23–25% of total mortality. Despite advances in Some important molecules including carcinoembryonicdiagnostic imaging technologies, surgical management, antigen (CEA), prostate specific antigen (PSA), alpha-feto-and therapeutic modalities, the long-term survival is poor protein (AFP), CA 125, CA 15-3 and CA 19-9, have beenin most cancers. For example, the five-year survival rate is identified. They are commonly employed in clinical diag-only 14% in lung cancer and 4% in pancreatic cancer nosis. Unfortunately, most biomarkers are not satisfactory[1,2]. Obviously, the frustrating therapeutic effects in can- because of their limited specificity and/or sensitivitycer lie in the fact that the majority of cancers are detected [9,10]. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover bet-in their advanced stages and some have distant metas- ter potential biomarkers in clinical practice.tases, rendering the current treatment ineffective. It iswidely accepted that early diagnosis and intervention are Currently, we are in an era of molecular biology and bio-the best way to cure cancer patients [3,4]. Cancer biomar- informatics. Many novel approaches have been intro-kers provide diagnostic, prognostic and thera ...