Báo cáo khoa học: Evaporation and surface conductance of three temperate forests in the Netherlands

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về lâm nghiệp được đăng trên tạp chí lâm nghiệp quốc tế đề tài: "Evaporation and surface conductance of three temperate forests in the Netherlands...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Evaporation and surface conductance of three temperate forests in the Netherlands" Original article Evaporation and surface conductance of three temperate forests in the Netherlands Eduardus J. Moors, Jan A. Elbers, A. Johannes Dolman Wim Snijders the Netherlands PO Box 125, DLO Winand Staring Centre, Wageningen, 12 March 1997; 17 September 1997) (Received acceptedAbstract - This paper shows the behaviour of evaporation and surface conductance for three dif-ferent forests in the Netherlands: a pine, larch and poplar forest. Maximum evaporation rates ofthe forests are similar and approach the equilibrium evaporation rates for large extended sur-faces. There is a tight relationship between available energy and evaporation for poplars, less sofor pine and larch. Average evaporation declines in the order: poplar, larch, pine forest. Observedmaximum conductances follow this trend with the poplar having the highest conductance of 55mm s the larch intermediate with 31 mm s and pine the lowest 28 mm s Stomatal control . -1 -1 , -1was most strong in the pine forest and less strong in the poplar forest. The conductance of all threeforests follows a strong near-linear decrease with humidity deficit until 8-10 g kg with a , -1slowly reducing conductance afterwards. For pine and larch the surface conductance reachesthe 50 % reduction value already at solar radiation levels of 150 W m while poplar shows a much , -2less rapid increase. The maximum conductance found here for pine corresponds well with pre-viously published values for the same species. The value for the larch and poplar stand are highcompared to other published results. This may be due to the relatively long sampling period of thepresent study, which increases the likelihood of obtaining rare high values. The results also sug-gest that at the local to regional scale large differences may be found in forest water use. For pre-dicting water yield of forests at this scale, the local variation in water use and stomatal control willhave to be taken into account. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.)surface conductance / stomatal conductance / evaporation / forest stand / scalingRésumé - Évapotranspiration et conductance de couvert de trois forêts tempérées auxPays-Bas. Cet article analyse l’évapotranspiration et la conductance du couvert pour la vapeur d’eaude trois peuplements forestiers aux Pays-Bas : pin, mélèze et peuplier. Les taux maximaux d’éva-poration sont du même ordre de grandeur et étaient proches de l’évaporation d’équilibre pour dessurfaces importantes. Il existe une relation étroite entre l’énergie disponible et l’évapotranspira-tion pour le peuplier, et moins forte pour le pin ou le mélèze. L’évapotranspiration moyennedes peuplements est la plus élevée pour le peuplier et la plus faible pour les pins. Les conductancesmaximales de couvert sont rangées dans le même ordre : celle du peuplier montre la plus fortevaleur, 55 mm scelle du mélèze une valeur intermédiaire, 31 mm set celle du pin est la plus , -1 , -1faible, 28 mm sLe contrôle stomatique est le plus fort chez le pin et le plus faible chez le . -1* Correspondence and reprintspeuplier. La conductance des trois peuplements montre une forte décroissance linéaire avec le défi-cit de saturation de l’air jusqu’à environ 8 à 10 g kg puis une décroissance plus lente au-delà. , -1Pour le pin et le mélèze la conductance stomatique atteint 50 % de son maximum pour un rayon-nement global de 150 W m alors que le peuplier montre une augmentation moins rapide. Les , -2conductances maximales chez le pin trouvées ici correspondent bien aux valeurs publiées. Cellesdu m ...