Báo cáo khoa học: Genetic transformation: short review of methods and their applications, results and perspectives for forest trees

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về lâm nghiệp được đăng trên tạp chí lâm nghiệp quốc tế đề tài: "Genetic transformation: short review of methods and their applications, results and perspectives for forest trees...
Nội dung trích xuất từ tài liệu:
Báo cáo khoa học: "Genetic transformation: short review of methods and their applications, results and perspectives for forest trees" Review article Genetic transformation: short review of methods and their applications, a results and perspectives for forest trees D Cornu G Pilate JC ACM Brasileiro L Jouanin Leplé 1 route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex; INRA, laboratoire de biologie cellulaire, 2 station d’amélioration des arbres forestiers, Ardon, 45160 Olivet, France INRA, February 1993) 11 (Received 10 September 1992; accepted reviews the state-of-the-art in plant genetic engineering, covering both di-Summary — This reportrect and indirect gene transfer methods. The application of these techniques to forest trees has beendiscussed and a summary of the published results given. An overview of the possibilities of introduc-ing genes of agronomic interest to improve some characteristics such as resistance to pests andmodifications of phenotypic traits has been examined.Agrobacterium I biotechnology I forest tree I genetic transformationRésumé — La transformation génétique : résultats et perspectives pour les arbres forestiers.Cet article fait le point sur les techniques directes et indirectes de transformation génétique desplantes. Leur application pour la transformation des arbres forestiers est discutée et une liste des ré-sultats déjà publiés est établie. Les différents gènes d’intérêt agronomique qui peuvent être intro-duits afin d’améliorer des caractères comme la résistance aux pathogènes et des modifications duphénotype sont détaillés. biotechnologie / transformation génétique arbres forestiers /Agrobacterium / potential to multiply selected genotypes ef-INTRODUCTION ficiently and rapidly, but is also essential for the multiplication of transformed geno-Biotechnology includes tissue culture, mo- types. Molecular biology and genetics pro-lecular biology and genetic transformation. vide insight into the nature, organization,This field of research can accelerate tree and control of genetic variation (Cheliakimprovement programs in a number of and Rogers, 1990).ways. Tissue culture not only offers the Brazil. Parque Rural 70770, Brazilia-DF, Sain* Present address: Embrapa/Cenargen, is a relatively Both are phytopathogenic bacteria of the Transgenic plant recovery domain and was first attained with Rhizobiaceae family. A tumefaciens is thenewmodel plants such as tobacco. The intro- causative agent of crown gall disease andduction and expression of foreign DNA in A rhizogenes is responsible for hairy roota plant genome requires several steps: in- disease. These bacteria are pathogenic introduction of DNA into a cell, selection and a wide range of dicotyledons and in somegrowth of this cell, and regeneration of an gymnosperms (De Cleen and De Ley,entire plant. Continuing progress is made 1976, 1981). In particular, they have beenin obtaining transgenic plants from annual the cause of problems in vineyards andcrops. However, it has been slower in tree fruit orchards in Eastern Europe. Monoco-species which can be transformed but are tyledons are naturally resistant to Agrobac-more difficult to regenerate, in part due to terium infection (De Cleene, 1985).inefficiencies of in vitro culture systems. These diseases are caused by theThus, many public and private laboratories transfer and integration into the plant ge-are working on improving tree culture sys- nome of a portion of large plasmids (150-tems. In this paper, we provide some in- 200 kb) called pTi (tumor-inducing plas-sight into the main transformation proce- mids) from A tumefaciens and pRi (root-dures developed for crop plants and inducing plasmids) from A rhizogenes (re-review the results obtained with forest viewed by Charest and Michel, 1991 ;trees. Hooykaas and Schilperoort, 1992 ; Wi- nans, 1992 ; Zambryski, 1992). The genes located in the transferred region, called T-GENETIC TRANSFORMATION DNA (transferred DNA) are integrated intoMETHODS the plant genome and expressed in the ...