Báo cáo khoa học: Genetic variation in European larch (Larix decidua Mill)

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Báo cáo khoa học: "Genetic variation in European larch (Larix decidua Mill)" Original article Genetic variation in European larch (Larix decidua Mill) J Maier Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Forstbotanik, Amalienstraße 52, 8000 Munich 40, Germany (Received 22 February 1991; accepted 25 September 1991)Summary — Levels of electrophoretically demonstrable diversity of 7 allozyme loci were estimatedin 7 populations representing the natural range of Larix decidua (Mill). On average the gene diversitywas 0.223 and the number of alleles per locus was 2.28. Only 5.1% of the total genetic diversity re-sided among populations with a mean genetic distance among populations of 0.029. The popula-tions could be assigned to two geographic groups, a large one containing populations from the east-ern Alps as well as from Poland and Czechoslovakia and a rather restricted one with a singlepopulation from the Western Alps. The most homogeneous populations are those from eastern Eu-rope (Poland, Sudetan region and Tatra mountains).Larix decidua / allozymes / genetic variationRésumé — Variation génétique du mélèze d’Europe (Larix decidua Mill). Le niveau de diversitéde 7 marqueurs génétiques a été étudié en électrophorèse pour 7 populations représentatives de lavariation naturelle du Larix decidua (Mill). En moyenne, la diversité génétique était de 0,223 et lenombre d’allèles par marqueur 2,28. Seulement 5,1% de la diversité génétique totale étaient repré-sentés dans des populations d’une distance génétique moyenne entre populations de 0,029. Les po-pulations purent être assignées à 2 groupes géographiques, dont l’un, le plus important, comprendles populations des Alpes orientales, ainsi que celles de Pologne et de Tchécoslovaquie, alors quel’autre, plus réduit, ne comprend qu’une seule population des Alpes occidentales. Les populationsles plus homogènes sont celles d’Europe orientale (Pologne, Sudètes, chaîne du Tatra).Larix decidua / diversité génétique /marqueurs génétiquesINTRODUCTION liak et al, 1988) and for L occidentalis (Fins and Seeb, 1986). However, for L decidua from Poland segregation studies of allo-Larix decidua Mill has its natural range zyme loci are already available (Mejnarto-restricted to four distinct areas of Central wicz and Bergmann, 1975; Kosinski andand eastern Europe: the Alps, the Sudetan Szmidt, 1984; Lewandowski and Mejnarto-region, the Tatra Mountains and scattered wicz, 1990a, b, 1991).In this study seedsthroughout Poland (fig 1).Ithas been the from provenances covering all four parts ofsubject of both numerous provenance ex- the range of European larch were analy-periments (Cieslar, 1899, 1914; Varma, sed by gel electrophoresis. The genetic in-1949; Leibundgut, 1959; Barnes, 1977; terpretation of six enzyme gene markersGiertych, 1979; Schober, 1977, 1985) and as well as the calculation of genetic differ-other studies concerning phenotypic traits entiation parameters will be presented.(Bouvarel and Lemoine, 1958; Gathy,1959; Schreiber, 1960, 1961, 1963; Kral,1966, 1967; Simak, 1967; Lang, 1976; Lei- MATERIALS AND METHODSbundgut, 1985). These investigations un-derline the fact that European larch is a Geographic location and background informa-highly variable species. Allozyme surveys tion for the seven populations of Larix deciduaestimating gene diversity among popula- are given in figure 1 and table I. Bulked seedtions are not known for Larix decidua, but samples, where seeds from several trees were pooled, as well as seed lots from individual treeswithin the genus Larix for L laricinia (Che- sampled. Both of them originate from indi- number 1 being assigned to the most mobileweregenous populations; the former were provided band at any locus. A locus was considered poly-by forest research stations in Poland, Czechos- morphic if more than one allele was observed,lovakia, and Austria, and the latter were collec- regardless of allelic frequencies.ted by us. Seeds from many small stands from Nei’s (1972) genetic distance (D) was usedthe Sudetan region as well as from a limited quantify the degree of different ...