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Báo cáo khoa học: Incidence des en paramètres hydriques sur le culture in vitro
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Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về lâm nghiệp được đăng trên tạp chí lâm nghiệp quốc tế đề tài: "Incidence des en paramètres hydriques sur le culture in vitro ...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Incidence des en paramètres hydriques sur le culture in vitro " Article original Incidence des paramètres hydriques sur le développement des cals d’Hevea brasiliensis culture in vitro * en H Etienne, P Montoro, MP Carron IRCA-CIRAD, Laboratoire BIOTROP-GERDAT, BP 5035, Avenue du Val de Montferrand, 34032 Montpellier Cedex, France le 5 juillet 1990; le 26 décembre (Reçu accepté 1990)Résumé — La quantification des paramètres hydriques des cals d’Hevea brasiliensis et de leur envi-ronnement, au cours du processus d’embryogenèse somatique, met en évidence des situations destress à différents niveaux : lors de la mise en culture et des jours qui lui succèdent, au niveau del’humidité relative de l’atmosphère du récipient et du potentiel hydrique du milieu de culture. La réac-tivité des tissus et l’induction embryogène sont nettement améliorées par le conditionnement hy-drique de l’explant initial (assèchement partiel pendant 5-10 min sous un flux d’air), le maintiend’une hygrométrie proche de la saturation et la stabilisation du potentiel hydrique du milieu à un ni-veau élevé (-0,7 MPa). Des résultats similaires sont obtenus par l’incorporation de 10 M d’acide -7abscissique au milieu de culture dès la phase d’induction des embryons somatiques.Ces effets sont reliés à l’acquisition par le cal d’un statut hydrique bien déterminé, mettant en reliefune meilleure hydratation des tissus (fort potentiel hydrique et forte teneur en eau relative), qui ap-paraît donc indispensable à l’expression de l’embryogenèse somatique. L’analyse de la consomma-tion en azote, potassium et phosphore du milieu témoigne d’une stimulation de l’absorption miné-rale, chez les cals embryogènes, probablement favorisée par un état physiologique optimal.Hevea brasiliensis / minérale paramètre hydrique / enbryogenèse somatique / nutritionSummary — The effect of water parameters on the development of Hevea brasiliensis calli inin vitro culture. The use of micropropagation methods in hevea culture, especially somatic embryo-genesis, would improve intraclonal homogeneity as well as vigour and productivity of trees. Howe-ver, difficulties encountered in the setting up of somatic embryogenesis with hevea led to the studyof a number of parameters which are particularly important to the sucess of this technique. Thequantification of water parameters of Hevea brasiliensis calli and their environment during the soma-tic embryogenesis process revealed stress at different levels, at the beginning of culture and duringthe days which followed related to the relative humidity of vessel atmosphere and the water potentialof the culture medium. The delay in mineral absorption and callogenesis of the internal tegument ofimmature seeds was related to the adjustment period of the intern tegument water potential to thatof the medium (table I). Tissue growth and embryogenic induction were distinctly improved by waterconditioning of the initial explant (table II) (partial drying under air flow for 5-10 min). A close rela-tionship was demonstrated between the evolution of water potentials of the medium and callus de-pending on the relative humidity level in the culture vessel. Keeping the relative humidity close to sa-turation stimulated an increase in callus water content and callus relative water content associated* Article présenté dans le cadre des activités du Groupe d’étude de physiologie de l’arbre** Correspondance et tirés à partwith higher embryogenic calli frequency (fig 2). On culture, only the embryogenic calli retained a highwater potential (-0.9 MPa) identical to that of the medium (fig 3). Renewing the medium enhancedembryogenic induction (table III). The medium water potential appeared as an important culture para-meter: at a high level (-0.7 MPa) it strongly stimulated embryogenic calli initiation (fig 4). These ef-fects are related to a clear water status, with better tissue hydration (high water potential and high re-lative water content), which thus appears necessary for somatic embryogenesis. similar results wereobtained with an early addition of abscissic acid whose optimal concentration (10 M) stimulated em- -7bryogenic calli formation and the acquisitio ...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Incidence des en paramètres hydriques sur le culture in vitro " Article original Incidence des paramètres hydriques sur le développement des cals d’Hevea brasiliensis culture in vitro * en H Etienne, P Montoro, MP Carron IRCA-CIRAD, Laboratoire BIOTROP-GERDAT, BP 5035, Avenue du Val de Montferrand, 34032 Montpellier Cedex, France le 5 juillet 1990; le 26 décembre (Reçu accepté 1990)Résumé — La quantification des paramètres hydriques des cals d’Hevea brasiliensis et de leur envi-ronnement, au cours du processus d’embryogenèse somatique, met en évidence des situations destress à différents niveaux : lors de la mise en culture et des jours qui lui succèdent, au niveau del’humidité relative de l’atmosphère du récipient et du potentiel hydrique du milieu de culture. La réac-tivité des tissus et l’induction embryogène sont nettement améliorées par le conditionnement hy-drique de l’explant initial (assèchement partiel pendant 5-10 min sous un flux d’air), le maintiend’une hygrométrie proche de la saturation et la stabilisation du potentiel hydrique du milieu à un ni-veau élevé (-0,7 MPa). Des résultats similaires sont obtenus par l’incorporation de 10 M d’acide -7abscissique au milieu de culture dès la phase d’induction des embryons somatiques.Ces effets sont reliés à l’acquisition par le cal d’un statut hydrique bien déterminé, mettant en reliefune meilleure hydratation des tissus (fort potentiel hydrique et forte teneur en eau relative), qui ap-paraît donc indispensable à l’expression de l’embryogenèse somatique. L’analyse de la consomma-tion en azote, potassium et phosphore du milieu témoigne d’une stimulation de l’absorption miné-rale, chez les cals embryogènes, probablement favorisée par un état physiologique optimal.Hevea brasiliensis / minérale paramètre hydrique / enbryogenèse somatique / nutritionSummary — The effect of water parameters on the development of Hevea brasiliensis calli inin vitro culture. The use of micropropagation methods in hevea culture, especially somatic embryo-genesis, would improve intraclonal homogeneity as well as vigour and productivity of trees. Howe-ver, difficulties encountered in the setting up of somatic embryogenesis with hevea led to the studyof a number of parameters which are particularly important to the sucess of this technique. Thequantification of water parameters of Hevea brasiliensis calli and their environment during the soma-tic embryogenesis process revealed stress at different levels, at the beginning of culture and duringthe days which followed related to the relative humidity of vessel atmosphere and the water potentialof the culture medium. The delay in mineral absorption and callogenesis of the internal tegument ofimmature seeds was related to the adjustment period of the intern tegument water potential to thatof the medium (table I). Tissue growth and embryogenic induction were distinctly improved by waterconditioning of the initial explant (table II) (partial drying under air flow for 5-10 min). A close rela-tionship was demonstrated between the evolution of water potentials of the medium and callus de-pending on the relative humidity level in the culture vessel. Keeping the relative humidity close to sa-turation stimulated an increase in callus water content and callus relative water content associated* Article présenté dans le cadre des activités du Groupe d’étude de physiologie de l’arbre** Correspondance et tirés à partwith higher embryogenic calli frequency (fig 2). On culture, only the embryogenic calli retained a highwater potential (-0.9 MPa) identical to that of the medium (fig 3). Renewing the medium enhancedembryogenic induction (table III). The medium water potential appeared as an important culture para-meter: at a high level (-0.7 MPa) it strongly stimulated embryogenic calli initiation (fig 4). These ef-fects are related to a clear water status, with better tissue hydration (high water potential and high re-lative water content), which thus appears necessary for somatic embryogenesis. similar results wereobtained with an early addition of abscissic acid whose optimal concentration (10 M) stimulated em- -7bryogenic calli formation and the acquisitio ...
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