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Báo cáo khoa học: Lipid utilization and carbohydrate partitioning during germination of English walnut (Juglans regia)
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Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về lâm nghiệp được đăng trên tạp chí lâm nghiệp quốc tế đề tài:"Lipid utilization and carbohydrate partitioning during germination of English walnut (Juglans regia)...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Lipid utilization and carbohydrate partitioning during germination of English walnut (Juglans regia)" article Original Lipid utilization and carbohydrate partitioning during germination of English walnut (Juglans regia) D Chenevard, JS Frossard A Lacointe INRA-Université Blaise-Pascal, Unité Associée de Physiologie Intégrée de l’Arbre Fruitier,Centre Clermont-Ferrand-Theix, Domaine de Crouelle, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 02, France 22 March 1993; (Received 20 September 1993) acceptedSummary — Conversion of reserve lipids in the seed, and carbohydrate and dry matter partitioning dur-ing germination were studied in walnut (Juglans regia L cv Franquette) seedlings. Nuts showed agradual decrease in lipid content with a concomitant rise in carbohydrates (fig 2); starch appeared tobe a transient sink for the end products of the degradation of lipid reserves. During germination, tap rootelongation was preferential over stem growth (fig 3). The tap root accounted for most of the seedlingdry matter increase and carbohydrate accumulation mainly as starch (table I). The other organs accu-mulated essentially soluble carbohydrates. At the end of the experiment, only 26.7% of the carbo-hydrates (starch + soluble carbohydrates) from lipid conversion were recovered in the seedling and thenut. A similar discrepancy was found in the energy budget. The energy loss from the nut (76.391 kJ)and the total energy recovered in the seedling (30.985 kJ) differed markedly at the end of the experi-ment (fig 4); this difference of 59% can be attributed to the metabolic lipid conversion, respiration(growth and maintenance) and translocation (table II).germination / lipid utilization / carbohydrate / energy / English walnut / Juglans regiaRésumé — Utilisation des réserves lipidiques et répartition des glucides pendant la germina-tion du noyer commun (Juglans regia). La germination du noyer (Juglans regia L cv Franquette) aété étudiée au niveau de la dégradation des lipides dans le cerneau ainsi que de la répartition des glu-cides et de la matière sèche dans la jeune plante. La teneur en lipides dans le cerneau diminue pro-gressivement tandis que la concentration en glucides augmente (fig 2). Dans le cerneau, l’amidonsemble être une forme transitoire de la dégradation des réserves lipidiques. Durant la phase de ger-mination, le pivot présente une élongation préférentielle par rapport à la tige (fig 3). Par ailleurs, le pivotest le principal organe de la jeune plante tant au niveau de la matière sèche que de l’accumulation deglucides, principalement sous forme d’amidon (tableau I). Il est vraisemblable que le pool d’amidon dansle pivot soit responsable de l’absence du rythme nycthéméral de respiration racinaire. Il doit jouer unrôle tampon vis-à-vis du flux de glucides provenant de la partie aérienne. À la fin de l’expérience,seulement 26,7% des glucides provenant de la dégradation des lipides se retrouvent dans la plante etdans le cerneau. Cette différence se retrouve lors de la réalisation du bilan énergétique (fig 4). À la finCorrespondence and reprintsde l’expérience, les pertes énergétiques dans le cerneau sont égales à 76 391 J tandis que l’énergieprésente dans la plante n’est que de 30 985 J. Cette différence peut être attribuée aux processus deconversion des lipides dans le cerneau, à la respiration et à la translocation (tableau II).germination / conversion lipidique/ glucides/ énergie/ noyer /Juglans regiaINTRODUCTION Compositional analysisThe lipid reserves of oilseeds transferred A total of 240 nuts were used in germination experiments; 20 seedlings (4 samples of 5from the cotyledons to the different parts of seedlings) were harvested at regular intervalsthe growing seedling originate from gluco- (2-3 d) up to 26 d. After harvest, the seedlingsneogenesis (Moreau and Huang, 1977) with were rapidly measured and dissected into cotyle-an accumulation of starch in the seed (Bory dons, tap roots of diameter < 3 mm, tap roots ofet al, 1990). The seedling roots are very diameter > 3 mm, lateral roots, stem, and leavesimportant organs for the storage of food when present (fig 1). These ...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Lipid utilization and carbohydrate partitioning during germination of English walnut (Juglans regia)" article Original Lipid utilization and carbohydrate partitioning during germination of English walnut (Juglans regia) D Chenevard, JS Frossard A Lacointe INRA-Université Blaise-Pascal, Unité Associée de Physiologie Intégrée de l’Arbre Fruitier,Centre Clermont-Ferrand-Theix, Domaine de Crouelle, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 02, France 22 March 1993; (Received 20 September 1993) acceptedSummary — Conversion of reserve lipids in the seed, and carbohydrate and dry matter partitioning dur-ing germination were studied in walnut (Juglans regia L cv Franquette) seedlings. Nuts showed agradual decrease in lipid content with a concomitant rise in carbohydrates (fig 2); starch appeared tobe a transient sink for the end products of the degradation of lipid reserves. During germination, tap rootelongation was preferential over stem growth (fig 3). The tap root accounted for most of the seedlingdry matter increase and carbohydrate accumulation mainly as starch (table I). The other organs accu-mulated essentially soluble carbohydrates. At the end of the experiment, only 26.7% of the carbo-hydrates (starch + soluble carbohydrates) from lipid conversion were recovered in the seedling and thenut. A similar discrepancy was found in the energy budget. The energy loss from the nut (76.391 kJ)and the total energy recovered in the seedling (30.985 kJ) differed markedly at the end of the experi-ment (fig 4); this difference of 59% can be attributed to the metabolic lipid conversion, respiration(growth and maintenance) and translocation (table II).germination / lipid utilization / carbohydrate / energy / English walnut / Juglans regiaRésumé — Utilisation des réserves lipidiques et répartition des glucides pendant la germina-tion du noyer commun (Juglans regia). La germination du noyer (Juglans regia L cv Franquette) aété étudiée au niveau de la dégradation des lipides dans le cerneau ainsi que de la répartition des glu-cides et de la matière sèche dans la jeune plante. La teneur en lipides dans le cerneau diminue pro-gressivement tandis que la concentration en glucides augmente (fig 2). Dans le cerneau, l’amidonsemble être une forme transitoire de la dégradation des réserves lipidiques. Durant la phase de ger-mination, le pivot présente une élongation préférentielle par rapport à la tige (fig 3). Par ailleurs, le pivotest le principal organe de la jeune plante tant au niveau de la matière sèche que de l’accumulation deglucides, principalement sous forme d’amidon (tableau I). Il est vraisemblable que le pool d’amidon dansle pivot soit responsable de l’absence du rythme nycthéméral de respiration racinaire. Il doit jouer unrôle tampon vis-à-vis du flux de glucides provenant de la partie aérienne. À la fin de l’expérience,seulement 26,7% des glucides provenant de la dégradation des lipides se retrouvent dans la plante etdans le cerneau. Cette différence se retrouve lors de la réalisation du bilan énergétique (fig 4). À la finCorrespondence and reprintsde l’expérience, les pertes énergétiques dans le cerneau sont égales à 76 391 J tandis que l’énergieprésente dans la plante n’est que de 30 985 J. Cette différence peut être attribuée aux processus deconversion des lipides dans le cerneau, à la respiration et à la translocation (tableau II).germination / conversion lipidique/ glucides/ énergie/ noyer /Juglans regiaINTRODUCTION Compositional analysisThe lipid reserves of oilseeds transferred A total of 240 nuts were used in germination experiments; 20 seedlings (4 samples of 5from the cotyledons to the different parts of seedlings) were harvested at regular intervalsthe growing seedling originate from gluco- (2-3 d) up to 26 d. After harvest, the seedlingsneogenesis (Moreau and Huang, 1977) with were rapidly measured and dissected into cotyle-an accumulation of starch in the seed (Bory dons, tap roots of diameter < 3 mm, tap roots ofet al, 1990). The seedling roots are very diameter > 3 mm, lateral roots, stem, and leavesimportant organs for the storage of food when present (fig 1). These ...
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