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Báo cáo khoa học: Macrogeographic and fine-scale genetic structure in a North American oak species, Quercus rubra

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Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về lâm nghiệp được đăng trên tạp chí lâm nghiệp quốc tế đề tài: Macrogeographic and fine-scale genetic structure in a North American oak species, Quercus rubra L...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Macrogeographic and fine-scale genetic structure in a North American oak species, Quercus rubra" article Original Macrogeographic and fine-scale genetic structure in a North American oak species, Quercus rubra L VL Sork, S Huang, E Wiener Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63121-4499, USASummary — Northern red oak, Quercus rubra L, is a widely distributed forest-dominant tree in NorthAmerica. In this paper, we present the results of 2 studies examining macrogeographic and fine-scale genetic structure in the North American oak species Quercus rubra L. The first study used allo-zymes as genetic markers to examine the distribution of genetic variation within and among 10 wide-ly distributed populations in midwestern USA. Our results revealed a high level of genetic variabilitywithin the species and a moderate level of genetic differentiation among 10 populations sampled (F st 0.092). In the second study, we evaluated fine-scale genetic structure of northern red oak in a sin-=gle forest site in Missouri, USA. First, we used F-statistics to determine whether subpopulations inadjacent microhabitats on the scale of 1 ha show genetic differentiation within a 4-ha plot. Our find-ings showed very low values of differentiation (F 0.011).However, we also used a statistical tech- st =nique called spatial autocorrelation analysis to evaluate the spatial dispersion of alleles within a 4-hamapped plot. These analyses revealed that genetic structure exists on a much smaller scale. Using3 different algorithms, we found that near-neighbors have significant spatial autocorrelation whichsuggests that family structure occurs within the study population.population genetic structure / genetic variation / genetic differentiation / isozymes / spatialautocorrelation / Quercus rubraRésumé — Structure génétique du chêne rouge d’Amérique à l’échelle géographique et àcelle du peuplement. Le chêne rouge d’Amérique (Q rubra L) est une espèce très répandue enAmérique du Nord. Cette contribution présente les résultats d’une analyse de la structure génétiquede cette espèce faite à l’échelle géographique et du peuplement. La première partie concernel’étude de l’organisation de la diversité génétique faite à partir de 10 populations éloignées les unesdes autres et issues du Midwest des États-Unis et basée sur les isozymes. Les résultats ont montréune diversité génétique élevée à l’intérieur de l’espèce et une différenciation génétique moyenneentre les 10 populations étudiées (F 0,092). Dans la seconde partie, l’étude a porté sur la struc- sI =ture génétique à l’intérieur d’un peuplement donné situé dans une forêt de l’État de Missouri (États-Unis). Tout d’abord les F statistiques ont été utilisées pour estimer le niveau de différenciation entresous- populations d’une surface d’un ha, l’ensemble couvrant une surface de 4 ha. Les résultats ontmontré que ce niveau restait faible (F = 0,011). Dans un second temps, les techniques d’autocor- strélation spatiale ont révélé que la population était génétiquement structurée à une échelle plus fine.L’utilisation de 3 algorithmes différents a montré que les proches voisins au sein du peuplement sontgénétiquement liés, indiquant qu’une structure familiale existe au sein de la population. génétique / variabilité génétique / différenciation génétique / isozymes / autocorréla-structuretion spatiale / Quercus rubraINTRODUCTION and among individuals within lations ) st (F subpopulations (F F or G a similar in- ). is st st , dex derived by Nei (1973), provide aThe distribution of genetic variability in a measure of genetic differentiation amongspecies is the outcome of gene flow, natu- subpopulations.ral and artificial selection and genetic drift. In the second study, we evaluated fine-Among wind-pollinated tree species, we scale genetic structure of northern and oakexpect widespread gene flow within and in a single forest site in Missouri, USA.among populations (Loveless and Ham- First, we examined genetic structure withinrick, 1984) and opportunities for genetic a location among adjacent subpopulationsdrift to be minimal. However, population of Q rubra using F-statistics. If such struc-differentiation and subdivision will occur if ture exists, it suggests that differential se-either pollen or seed dispersal is restricted lection may be responsible because geneor natural selection on a local scale is flow is not likely to be restricted in thisstrong (Slatkin, 1973; Endler, 1977). Popu- ...

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