báo cáo khoa học: Medicines and vaccines for the world's poorest: Is there any prospect for public-private cooperation?

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báo cáo khoa học: " Medicines and vaccines for the worlds poorest: Is there any prospect for public-private cooperation?"Globalization and Health BioMed Central Open AccessReviewMedicines and vaccines for the worlds poorest: Is there anyprospect for public-private cooperation?Richard M Scheffler*1,2,3 and Vikram Pathania4Address: 1Director, The Nicholas C. Petris Center on Health Care Markets and Consumer Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, USA,2Distinguished Professor of Health Economics & Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley, USA, 3University of California, Berkeley, 140Warren Hall, MC7360 Berkeley, CA 94720-7360 and 4PhD Student, Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, USAEmail: Richard M Scheffler* - rscheff@berkeley.edu; Vikram Pathania - pathania@berkeley.edu* Corresponding authorPublished: 21 July 2005 Received: 22 February 2005 Accepted: 21 July 2005Globalization and Health 2005, 1:10 doi:10.1186/1744-8603-1-10This article is available from: http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/1/1/10© 2005 Scheffler and Pathania; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0),which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract This paper reviews the current status of the global pharmaceutical industry and its research and development focus in the context of the health care needs of the developing world. It will consider the attempts to improve access to critical drugs and vaccines, and increase the research effort directed at key public health priorities in the developing world. In particular, it will consider prospects for public-private collaboration. The challenges and opportunities in such public-private partnerships will be discussed briefly along with a look at factors that may be key to success. Much of the focus is on HIV/AIDS where the debate on the optimal balance between intellectual property rights (IPR) and human rights to life and health has been very public and emotive. are of potentially great benefit to developing countries areIntroductionInfectious diseases continue to place a great burden on the priced such that they are out of reach for most people inpeople in the developing world [1]. These diseases are for these countries [2]. Many find this situation deeplythe most part controlled in developed countries. Since the immoral and not in the best long-term interests of theglobal pharmaceutical industry is mostly grounded in world as a whole.developed countries, infectious diseases are not the primefocus of research and development (R&D). An important This paper reviews the current status of the global pharma-exception is HIV/AIDS therapy. This is a pressing matter ceutical industry and its R&D focus in the context of thefor both developed and developing countries. But even in health care needs of the developing world. It will considerthis case, the drug cocktails and disease management pro- the attempts to improve access to critical drugs and vac-tocols are designed and priced to suit customers in the cines, and increase the research effort directed at key pub-developed world. Pharmaceutical firms like all corpora- lic health priorities in the developing world. In particular,tions aim to maximize shareholder value – their R&D and it will consider prospects for public-private collaboration.pricing decisions reflect this imperative. However, the The challenges and opportunities in such public-privateneeds and the paying capacity of the rich markets in the partnerships will be discussed briefly along with a look atdeveloped world are very different from those in the factors that may be key to success. Much of the focus is ondeveloping world. Consequently, the R&D agenda does HIV/AIDS where the debate on the optimal balancenot reflect most public health priorities in developing between intellectual property rights (IPR) and humancountries. Further, innovations in drugs and vaccines that rights to life and health has been very public and emotive. Page 1 of 8 (page number not for citation purposes)Globalization and Health 2005, 1:10 http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/1/1/10 North America Europe 11% 8% ...