báo cáo khoa học: Non-communicable diseases and global health governance: enhancing global processes to improve health development

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Non-communicable diseases and global health governance: enhancing global processes to improve health development
Nội dung trích xuất từ tài liệu:
báo cáo khoa học: " Non-communicable diseases and global health governance: enhancing global processes to improve health development"Globalization and Health BioMed Central Open AccessShort reportNon-communicable diseases and global health governance:enhancing global processes to improve health developmentRoger S Magnusson*Address: University of Sydney, 173-175 Phillip St, Sydney, NSW 2000, AustraliaEmail: Roger S Magnusson* - R.Magnusson@usyd.edu.au* Corresponding authorPublished: 22 May 2007 Received: 22 December 2006 Accepted: 22 May 2007Globalization and Health 2007, 3:2 doi:10.1186/1744-8603-3-2This article is available from: http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/3/1/2© 2007 Magnusson; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0),which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract This paper assesses progress in the development of a global framework for responding to non- communicable diseases, as reflected in the policies and initiatives of the World Health Organization (WHO), World Bank and the UN: the institutions most capable of shaping a coherent global policy. Responding to the global burden of chronic disease requires a strategic assessment of the global processes that are likely to be most effective in generating commitment to policy change at country level, and in influencing industry behaviour. WHO has adopted a legal process with tobacco (the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control), but a non-legal, advocacy-based approach with diet and physical activity (the Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health). The paper assesses the merits of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the FCTC as distinct global processes for advancing health development, before considering what lessons might be learned for enhancing the implementation of the Global Strategy on Diet. While global partnerships, economic incentives, and international legal instruments could each contribute to a more effective global response to chronic diseases, the paper makes a special case for the development of international legal standards in select areas of diet and nutrition, as a strategy for ensuring that the health of future generations does not become dependent on corporate charity and voluntary commitments. A broader frame of reference for lifestyle-related chronic diseases is needed: one that draws together WHOs work in tobacco, nutrition and physical activity, and that envisages selective use of international legal obligations, non-binding recommendations, advocacy and policy advice as tools of choice for promoting different elements of the strategy. ing to World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates, non-BackgroundSince 1970, life expectancy at birth has improved steadily, communicable diseases accounted for nearly 59% of therising 7, 8 and 9 years, respectively, within high, middle 57 million people who died in 2002 [3]. In the same year,and low income countries to reach 79, 70 and 58 years, as non-communicable diseases also outstripped both com-measured from data for the period 2000–2005 [1]. While municable diseases, and injuries, as the leading cause ofthe underlying causes of these gains continue to be chronic illness worldwide, accounting for nearly 47% ofdebated [2], longer life expectancy has resulted in the glo- the 1.49 billion years of healthy life lost to illness, asbal predominance of non-communicable diseases as both measured in DALYs [3].the leading cause of death, and of disease burden. Accord- Page 1 of 16 ...